Abacus junior 30 ошибки

• Contents

• Table of Contents

• Troubleshooting

• Bookmarks

Summary of Contents for Diatron Abacus junior 30

• 30, Diatron Abacus junior 30 OPERATING PRINCIPLES 27 4.4. Absolute and Linearity Ranges of Parameters The analyzer provides specified accuracy within its linearity range. Beyond this linearity range, the instrument can display results but accuracy is impaired. If a value is over the maximum r…

• 61, Error! Use the Home tab to apply Címsor 1 to the text that you want to appear here. 58 Users can be added (Add New User) or edited (Edit / View User). Adding a user allows filling in the below parameters. Password must be defined on “Advanced Info” tab. Monogram will be dis…

• 60, Diatron Abacus junior 30 Error! Use the Home tab to apply Címsor 1 to the text that you want to appear here. 57 Settings Date and time Choose the desired time and date format. The analyzer has a built-in battery responsible for running the built-in clock when the unit is powered off. If the analyzer asks for date and ti…

• 14, INTRODUCTION 11 1.5.1. Control Panels START button Pressing and releasing the START button triggers an analysis cycle. Status indicator A two-color (red/green) LED (light emitting diode) is located above START button. Its actual color indicates the status of the analyzer. LED color Analyzer statu…

• 6, TABLE OF CONTENTS 3 8.3. Measurement settings ………………………………………………………………………………….. 54 8.3.1. Unit settings ……………………………………………………………………………….…

• 42, DATABASE 39 6.1. Database services Detail will open up the parameter and histogram view of a record. DATABASE Detail Table returns to the table view. Print sends the record to the printer. Edit opens up the dialog for data manipulation of the record Exit r…

• 64, Error! Use the Home tab to apply Címsor 1 to the text that you want to appear here. 61 QC graphical printout on built-in printer QC graphical printout on external printer
  …

• 33, ROUTINE UTILIZATION & MEASUREMENT 30 Adapter for 2 ml control blood Figure 10. Vial used in control adapter 1. Remove the cap!! It is very important because the tip can not pierce the cap! 2. Position the sample tube in the sample rotor. 3. …

• 12, INTRODUCTION 9 To replace paper in the printer: — open the paper lid (pull the lid upwards by the handle) — remove central plastic roller of old paper roll — unwind new paper roll, so that the “starting edge” is coming from down under towards you — gently drop the new roll into the h…

• 45, Diatron Abacus junior 30 DATABASE 42 Export: will save selected record(s) to an external USB memory device in the format selected in Export settings (see 8.2). A progress bar shows the status of the process DATABASE Manage / Backup / View View: reads up previously saved rec…

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B

Hematology Analyzer

Service Manual

3.0 release

DIATRON Messtechnik Ges.m.B.H.

A-1141 Wien, Ameisgasse 49-51/2. AUSTRIA

Tel.: (431) 914-85-00, 911-38-48

Fax: 914-85-07-15

Web: www.diatron.com

E-mail: support@diatron.com

Abacus junior /vet / B Service Manual

1

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………….4

1.1. NAME AND SERIAL NUMBER……………………………………………………………………………………………………4

1.2. INTENDED USE ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..4

1.3. INTEGRATED SOFTWARE ………………………………………………………………………………………………………..5

2. FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION…………………………………………………………………………………………………6

2.1. MAIN ELECTRONIC PARTS OF THE ANALYZERS………………………………………………………………………….. 6

2.1.1. Counting chamber with electrodes and measuring aperture………………………………………………8

2.1.2. HGB Head………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 8

2.1.3. Cell counter Amplifier Board…………………………………………………………………………………………9

2.1.4. Control and Measurement Board (COMB) with Dimm-PC core — AJ/AJvet……………………….10

2.1.5. Dimm-PC* Module – AJ/AJvet…………………………………………………………………………………….11

2.1.6. Configuration and ID E

2

PROM board (IDEPROM) — AJ/AJvet……………………………………….. 11

2.1.7. Pneumatic and Power Board (PPB) — AJ/AJvet………………………………………………………………12

2.1.8. Opto-boards for stepper motors…………………………………………………………………………………… 12

2.1.9. Valve boards …………………………………………………………………………………………………….………. 13

2.1.10. Pressure Sensor………………………………………………………………………………………………….………14

2.1.11. Digital Reagent Sensor Board …………………………………………………………………………………….. 14

2.1.12. LCD Display Module with High Voltage Board of AJ/AJvet…………………………………………….15

2.1.13. LCD Display Module with High Voltage Board of Abacus Junior B ………………………………… 16

2.1.14. Keypad of Abacus junior/Abacus junior vet……………………………………………………………………17

2.1.15. Keypad of Abacus junior B ………………………………………………………………………………………….18

2.1.16. Floppy Disk Drive and CD-ROM Drive — AJ/AJvet…………………………………………………………18

2.1.17. External Power Supply…………………………………………………………………………………………….…. 19

2.1.18. MAIN board — AJB …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 19

2.2. MAIN MECHANIC AND FLUIDIC PARTS OF THE ANALYZER…………………………………………………………. 21

2.2.1. Sample rotor…………………………………………………………………………………………………….………..22

2.2.2. Sampling needle………………………………………………………………………………………………….……..22

2.2.3. Washing head…………………………………………………………………………………………………….………22

2.2.4. H&V moving unit………………………………………………………………………………………………….……23

2.2.5. Main Dilutor …………………………………………………………………………………………………….……….24

2.2.6. Micro Dilutor…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….25

2.2.7. Puffer reservoir…………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 25

2.2.8. Pump ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..25

2.3. ASSEMBLED ANALYZER ………………………………………………………………………………………………………26

2.3.1. Abacus junior / Abacus junior vet…………………………………………………………………………………26

2.3.2. Abacus junior B………………………………………………………………………………………………….………29

3. OPERATION OF THE FLUIDIC SYSTEM……………………………………………………………………………..32

3.1. FLOW DIAGRAM OF MEASUREMENT ………………………………………………………………………………………. 33

3.2. INITIALIZATION OF THE FLUIDIC SYSTEM ……………………………………………………………………………….36

3.3. SAMPLING PROCESS …………………………………………………………………………………………………………….36

3.4. NEEDLE WASHING PROCESS ………………………………………………………………………………………………….37

3.5. DILUTING PROCESS …………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 38

3.6. LYSING PROCESS………………………………………………………………………………………………………………... 39

3.7. COUNTING PROCESS……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 40

3.8. CHAMBER DRAINING PROCESS ………………………………………………………………………………………………41

3.9. CLEANING PROCESS……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 42

3.10. SHUTDOWN PROCESS …………………………………………………………………………………………………………..42

4. ADJUSTMENT………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..43

4.1. MECHANICAL SETTINGS………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 43

4.1.1. Opto wheel setting……………………………………………………………………………………………….…….. 43

4.1.2. Sampling needle setting…………………………………………………………………………………………..…..44

4.2. HARDWARE SETTINGS…………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 44

4.2.1. Amplifier offset setting ………………………………………………………………………………………….……. 44

Diatron Ltd. 2004

2

5. CHECKING THE PROPER OPERATION ………………………………………………………………………………45

5.1. SELF TEST OF ABACUS JUNIOR AND VET …………………………………………………………………………………45

5.1.1. Self test Screens (AJ/AJvet) ………………………………………………………………………………………….45

5.1.2. Normal range of Self Test parameters (AJ/AJvet)……………………………………………………………46

5.1.3. Troubleshooting Guide for Self test……………………………………………………………………………….46

5.2. SELF TEST OF ABACUS JUNIOR B…………………………………………………………………………………………..47

5.2.1. Self Test Menu…………………………………………………………………………………………………..……….47

5.2.2. Normal range of Self Test parameters (AJB) ………………………………………………………………….49

5.3. SERVICE MENU — AJ/AJVET………………………………………………………………………………………………….50

5.3.1. Entering to Service Menu………………………………………………………………………………………….…50

5.3.2. Main Service Menu………………………………………………………………………………………………..……50

5.3.3. Edit service contact ……………………………………………………………………………………………..……..50

5.3.4. Device Information ……………………………………………………………………………………………….…….50

5.3.5. Service Calibration……………………………………………………………………………………………………..51

5.3.6. Software Settings………………………………………………………………………………………………..………51

5.3.7. Service Testing Menu ……………………………………………………………………………………………..…..53

5.3.8. Valve Test Menu………………………………………………………………………………………………….……..53

5.3.9. Display and Keyboard Test………………………………………………………………………………………….53

5.3.10. Stress Mode ……………………………………………………………………………………………………..………..53

5.3.11. Miscellaneous Settings………………………………………………………………………………………………..54

5.3.12. Multi-user Rescue Code ………………………………………………………………………………………………54

5.4. SERVICE MENU (AJB)………………………………………………………………………………………………………….55

5.4.1. MAIN Service Menu ………………………………………………………………………………………………..….55

5.4.2. Service Calibration of Abacus Junior B…………………………………………………………………………56

6. SERVICE OPERATION ………………………………………………………………………………………………..………..57

6.1. OPENING THE INSTRUMENT…………………………………………………………………………………………………..57

6.2. MDA (MONOCHROME DISPLAY ADAPTER) EMULATION MODE – AJ/AJVET ………………………………..57

6.3. KEY BIOS SETTINGS FOR CORRECT OPERATION – AJ/AJVET……………………………………………………..58

6.4. CHECKING THE BIOS SETUP – AJ/AJVET ……………………………………………………………………………….59

6.5. BIOS-DESCRIPTION – AJ/AJVET…………………………………………………………………………………………..59

6.6. DOS FUNCTIONS ON THE INSTRUMENT – AJ/AJVET …………………………………………………………………61

6.7. ERROR MESSAGES – AJ/AJVET ……………………………………………………………………………………………..61

6.7.1. Abacus Junior / Abacus Junior Vet error code list ………………………………………………………….62

6.7.2. Abacus Junior / Abacus Junior Vet message code list ……………………………………………………..65

6.8. WARNINGS AND ERROR CODES FOR ABACUS JUNIOR B…………………………………………………………….66

6.9. POSSIBLE CAUSES OF NOISE………………………………………………………………………………………………….68

6.9.1. Contaminated reagent………………………………………………………………………………………………68

6.9.2. Bad earth grounding………………………………………………………………………………………………..68

6.9.3. External electrical noise………………………………………………………………………………………………69

6.9.4. Internal noise sources………………………………………………………………………………………………69

7. MAINTENANCE……………………………………………………………………………………………………..………………71

7.1. WEEKLY MAINTENANCE BY USER …………………………………………………………………………………………71

7.1.1. Cleaning the washing head ………………………………………………………………………………………….71

7.2. PERIODIC MAINTENANCE BY SERVICE ……………………………………………………………………………………71

7.2.1. Check Self test and Device statistics………………………………………………………………………………71

7.2.2. Cleaning and Greasing Dilutor Block……………………………………………………………………………71

7.2.3. Checking and Lubricating Dilutor Piston Tips……………………………………………………………….71

7.2.4. Cleaning and Lubricating Needle Moving Mechanics……………………………………………………..71

7.2.5. Checking and Replacing Washing Head………………………………………………………………………..71

7.2.6. Checking and Replacing Peristaltic Pump Tube……………………………………………………………..71

7.2.7. Checking of the Power Supply………………………………………………………………………………………72

7.2.8. Bleaching of Fluidic System………………………………………………………………………………………...72

8. SPARE PARTS……………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………………73

Abacus junior /vet / B Service Manual

3

9. APPENDICES………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….76

9.1. WARNING FLAGS — AJ/AJVET ONLY………………………………………………………………………………………. 76

9.2. SERIAL COMMUNICATION PROTOCOL…………………………………………………………………………………….77

9.2.1. General Description…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 77

9.2.2. Format of Packages Sent ………………………………………………………………………………………….... 78

9.2.3. Format of Acknowledge of the Receiver ………………………………………………………………………..78

9.2.4. Detailed Description of Packages………………………………………………………………………………… 78

9.3. UPLOADER: SOFTWARE UPGRADING TOOL FOR ABACUS JUNIOR B………………………………………….82

9.3.1. Process of SW download (AJB)…………………………………………………………………………………….83

9.3.2. Troubleshooting of SW download (AJB)……………………………………………………………………….. 86

9.4. ABACUS JUNIOR CABLING DIAGRAM — AJ/AJVET ……………………………………………………………………. 87

9.5. ABACUS JUNIOR B CABLING DIAGRAM — AJB…………………………………………………………………………. 88

9.6. ABACUS JUNIOR / ABACUS JUNIOR B TUBING SCHEMATICS — AJ/AJB…………………………………………89

9.7. ABACUS JUNIOR VET TUBING SCHEMATICS — AJVET…………………………………………………………………90

9.8. RECOMMENDED KIT OF TOOLS ………………………………………………………………………………………………91

9.9. ELECTRONIC SCHEMATICS ……………………………………………………………………………………………………91

Diatron Ltd. 2004

4

1. INTRODUCTION

Since Abacus junior / Abacus junior vet / Abacus junior B have so much common

characteristics, we issue a common Service Manual covering all instruments.

Information herein applies for all instruments unless otherwise noted.

To be well up in the instruments, please read this manual carefully to have the

knowledge for servicing the instruments perfectly and avoid extra costs and wasting

precious time.

In this manual, we are using the following conventions:

AJ – stands for Abacus junior

AJvet – stands for Abacus junior vet

AJB – stands for Abacus junior B

This Abacus junior / Abacus junior vet / Abacus junior B Service Manual contains the

functional descriptions of all analyzers, operation of the fluidic systems, adjustments and

settings, and very important information for the Service Personnel about the service

operations and possible problems.

1.1. Name and serial number

Name: Abacus junior / Abacus junior vet / Abacus junior B Hematology Analyzer

Serial No.: Every instrument has its own serial number, which is printed on the rear panel

label and it can be read out from Device Information or from the self test

submenu. This identity number is write-protected by DIATRON.

1.2. Intended use

Abacus junior / Abacus junior vet / Abacus junior B hematology analyzers are fully

automated cell counters for in vitro diagnostic use. The compact instruments were developed

for small clinics, point-of-cares and vet offices.

Abacus junior can process 30, Abacus junior vet can process 20-25 samples per hour and

they are intended to determine the following 18 hematology parameters from a 25µl whole

blood sample:

• WBC — LYM# — MID# — GRA# — LYM% — MID% — GRA% (

three-part WBC differential)

• HGB — RBC — HCT — MCV — RDW — MCH — MCHC

• PLT — MPV — PCT – PDW

Abacus junior B

can process 30 samples per hour and intended to determine the following

12 hematology parameters from a 25µl whole blood sample:

• WBC

• HGB — RBC — HCT — MCV – RDW-cv — MCH – MCHC

• PLT — MPV — PCT – PDW-cv

Abacus junior /vet / B Service Manual

1.3. Integrated software

The integrated software controls the instrument operations, displays, stores, recalls data, and

allows the user to perform QC and calibration procedures and modify the user settings. The

software version number can be read out from the Device Information or from the Self test

submenu.

Software is absolutely “Plug and Play”, it can read out and detect the type and the serial

number of the instrument, therefore it will run the correct program for the hardware, without

any user or service help. Every Abacus junior / Abacus junior vet software version is

upgradeable (using a floppy disk) by the latest program developed by DIATRON.

Software upgrade of Abacus Junior B requires a special SW downloading application (more

about this in Section 9.3) running on a separate PC, a standard null-modem serial cable –

with 9-pin connector, and an upgrade SW from web page of DIATRON:

www.diatron.com

Diatron Ltd. 2004

2. FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION

2.1. Main electronic parts of the analyzers

Abacus junior / Abacus junior vet contains the following electronic parts:

1. Counting chamber with electrodes and measuring aperture

2. HGB Measuring Head

3. Cell Counter Amplifier Board (behind the chamber)

4. CPU Board with Dimm-PC and measurement processing unit (COMB Board)

5. Safe configuration E

2

PROM board connecting CPU board and PPB

6. Pneumatic and Power Board with 6 motor controllers, valve & pneumatic controller,

pump driver and power supply for internal printer (+8V) and digital circuitry (+5V)

7. Motors with common opto-board of needle moving motors (H/V) and sample rotor

8. Main dilutor block with opto-board for diluent, lyse and rinse (AJVet)

9. Micro-dilutor block with opto-board for sampling

10. Valve boards (set of 5 and max. 7)

11. Peristaltic Pump

12. Pressure Sensor

13. Digital Reagent Sensor Board

14. Floppy Disk Drive and CD-ROM Drive (optional)

15. Graphic LCD Display Module with High Voltage Board

16. LCD and Keyboard controller and Keyboard Panel

17. Internal Printer

Serial No.

Config. Data

Cell

counter

amplifier

HGB I/F

Amplifier

LCD

Keypad

LCD Lamp

LCD and

Keypad

controller

High

Voltage

Board

+50V

+150V

Display Assembly

Optical

isolation

High

Voltage

Inverter

300V

AC

DC/DC

converter

Pneumatic I

2

C bus

Fluidic System

Counting

chamber with

electrodes

HGB

measuring

head

DC/DC

converter

+12V, -12V

Pneumatic and Power Board

Floppy drive

IDE I/F

Floppy I/F

Pneum I/F

LCD I/F

A/D converter

FPGA

Legacy I/O I/F

Dimm-PC

AMD Elan

SC-520

Configuration

microcontroller

CPU Board

Ext.Printer

Ext. Computer

Ext. Keyboard

CD-ROM Drive

IDEPROM

Pump driver

Valve drivers

Reagent sensor I/F

Pressure sensor I/F

Valve controller

Valve blocks

Pump

Pressure sensor

Reagent sensors

Opto board of

main dilutor

Opto board of

needle moving

motors H/V and

sample rotor

Opto board of

microdilutor

Motor controller/driver #1

Motor controller/driver #2

Motor controller/driver #3

Motor controller/driver #4&5

Motor controller/driver #6

Internal printer

power and I/F

+8V

Digital power

+5V

Power Board Interface

+5V, +12V, Pneum I

2

C

Keyboard I/F

Internal Printer

DC/DC converter

+12V / -12V

analog power

12Vdc External

Power Supply

Motors

Valves

12Vdc

START button

Status LEDs

Abacus junior / Abacus junior vet Electronic Functional Block Diagram

Abacus junior /vet / B Service Manual

Abacus junior B contains the following electronic parts:

1. Counting chamber with electrodes and measuring aperture

2. HGB Measuring Head

3. Cell Counter Amplifier Board (behind the chamber)

4. Motors with common opto-board of needle moving motors (H/V) and sample rotor

5. Main dilutor block with opto-board for diluent and lyse

6. Micro-dilutor block with opto-board for sampling

7. Valve boards (set of 5)

8. Peristaltic Pump

9. Pressure Sensor

10. Digital Reagent Sensor Board

11. Alphanumeric LCD Display Module with High Voltage Board

12. Keyboard Panel

13. Internal Printer

14. MAIN board

Serial No.

Config. Data

Real Time Clock

Battery

Cell

counter

amplifier

HGB I/F

Amplifier

LCD

(backlig ht internally

controlled)

Keypad

High

Voltage

Board

+50V

+150V

Display Assembly

Fluidic System

Counting

chamber with

electrodes

HGB

measuring

head

MAIN Board

LCD I/F

RS-232

Microcontroller,

CPLD and

some digital chips

Ext. Computer

(SW Uploader)

Pump driver

Valve drivers

Reagent sensor I/F

Pressure sensor I/F

Valve blocks

Pump

Pressure sensor

Reagent sensors

Opto board of

main dilutor

Opto board of

needle moving

motors H/V and

sample rotor

Opto board of

microdilutor

Motor driver #1

Motor driver #2

Motor driver #3

Motor driver #4 & #5

Motor driver #6

Internal printer

power and I/F

+8V

Power regulating

and filtering

+3.3V, +5V,

+8V, +12V,

Keyboard I/F

Internal Printer

Measurement

processing unit

and control I/F

12Vdc External

Power Supply

Motors

Valves

START button

Status LEDs

Abacus junior B Electronic Functional Block Diagram

Diatron Ltd. 2004

2.1.1. Counting chamber with electrodes and measuring aperture

Impedance method is used for determination of volume and number of cells. In this method a

known volume of dilution is drawn through a small aperture. Constant current is passed

through the aperture from one side to the other. When a cell passes through the aperture, it

causes a change in resistance, which generates a voltage pulse.

The amplitude of the voltage pulse is proportional to the ratio of cell volume per aperture

volume. This is used to determine the volume of cells. The number of cells can be obtained

by counting the pulses.

In the instruments there is one cell-counter probe: the aperture size is 80 µm and has a

reference electrode assembly and U-shaped metal fixing as it is shown in the figure below.

The aperture is made of ruby and it is molded into the measuring tube.

2.1.2. HGB Head

Hemoglobin head is placed around the measuring chamber in all instruments.

It contains: light source (LED) at 540 nm wavelength and Photo Detector (TSL235). The

Photo Detector converts the light to frequency. The HGB concentration is a logarithmic

function of this frequency measured by

• the FPGA circuit of the COMB card in AJ/AJvet

• the micro-controller of the MAIN board in AJB

Connection to the amplifier

LED

TSL235

ssembled Cell-counter Probe

Measuring tube

Measuring tube

Reference electrode

U-shaped metal fixing

Aperture (80µm)

O-ring

Abacus junior /vet / B Service Manual

9

The analyzers perform enhanced Hemoglobin measurement technology for HGB

measurement. The output of HGB head is frequency (TSL235 detector is light to frequency

converter). This signal is counted by a digital counter in the FPGA circuit/micro-controller.

This counter counts up while the LED is on and counts down while the LED is off, the LED

and the counter directions are switched with a 100 Hz signal. This method provides “real time

backlight correction”, which makes the HGB measurement more precise in changing

backlight environment situation as well.

There are two kinds of HGB measurements:

• Sample measurement (before RBC counting)

• Diluent measurement (in WBC washing phase)

The HGB result is calculated from these measurements by:

HGB ≅ log (CNT

diluent light

/ CNT

sample light

)

Due to enhanced HGB

technology, junior is less sensitive to incident light changes.

It is recommended to keep side door closed during measurements.

2.1.3. Cell counter Amplifier Board

Amplifier board includes its own voltage regulator, connection interfaces to HGB head, to

high voltage board and to COMB in AJ/AJvet (to MAIN in AJB). In this board there is a

current generator circuit, which works from 50V measuring voltage (generated by High

Voltage Board) and the probe voltage (DC) is amplified with a voltage follower (output: ELV).

Nominal measuring current is 870 µA.

Amplifier board includes one input connector for the chamber (measuring electrode). There

are two opto switches (U1, U3) to connect high voltage to the probe with HSW signal and

isolate the input of the amplifier. Test circuit makes possible to generate test pulses (with

TEST and PLS signals through FETs) for checking the proper operation of the amplifier

channel.

Amplifier board includes a 3-stage main amplifier channel, which gains input signal to the

0…5 V range (this is the input range of the A/D converter, which is placed on the COMB

card). The RSW signal changes the gain (RBC, WBC) in the feedback of the second

amplifier stage with U2 (MAX319) analog switch. There is an offset potentiometer, P1 in the

third amplifier stage, manufacturer sets the correct offset voltage.

Adjust the offset voltage only in case it is out of the +/- 5mV range.

Connection to:

CSA1 on COMB (AJ/AJvet)

CS_IMP on MAIN (AJB)

Connection

to HVB

Connection to:

CSA1 on COMB (AJ/AJvet)

CS_ANALOG on MAIN (AJB)

Diatron Ltd. 2004

1

DHON signal (from the COMB board — AJ/AJvet; from the MAIN board — AJB) switches on

the LED and the MVON signal – which is active during counting – switches off the Photo

Detector in the HGB head, to prevent noise generated by the HGB detector.

The other side of the amplifier board contains special connectors for the chamber and the

HGB head (JP4).

2.1.4. Control and Measurement Board (COMB) with Dimm-PC core — AJ/AJvet

The compact COMB incorporates a single PC and its environmental functions, as well as the

specific measurement processing functions in one board.

PC system of the COMB board is based on the Dimm-PC module, which is a credit card size

PC with AMD Elan SC520 133 MHz micro-controller. Dimm-PC itself contains 16 or 32Mbyte

RAM and same size of SanDisk that acts like a hard disk. Dimm-PC module is easily

replaceable as it has an open socket (it has also a screw for safe fixing). COMB card

contains single ICs and some drivers/protection-circuits for the interfaces such as LPT,

COM1, PS2, USB, IDE, Floppy and Speaker.

Measurement processing is based on FPGA circuit. After power on, FPGA holds the Dimm-

PC in wait state (with

–IOCHRDY signal) until the PIC configures the FPGA circuit from the

IDEPROM (status LED is red during configuration). After that the FPGA controls the entire

pneumatic system through the Pneumatic I

2

C bus, the Keyboard and Display module with

video RAM for MDA (Monochrome Display Adapter) emulation, and Start button & status

LED. FPGA circuit also performs measurement data acquisition by using the 10-bit A/D chip.

FPGA makes digital data processing and stores the results in the internal FIFO memory. Cell

parameters are sent to the Dimm-PC by single DMA cycles.

LPT port

COM port USB port

PS2 port

keyboard

Speaker

connection

CD-ROM

connection

CSDIGIO

CSA1

Amplifier

connections

CSD

Keyboard & Display and

Start key/LED connection

CSFLOPPY

Floppy

connection

CSHVBP

High voltage

board connection

CSHEAT

Reagent

heater

connection

CSINTCON

ID board

connection

Abacus junior /vet / B Service Manual

11

2.1.5. Dimm-PC* Module – AJ/AJvet

The MB4 board incorporates a credit-card sized PC, named Dimm-PC*. The processor on

the Dimm-PC is a 133MHz Pentium-class core, with 32Mbytes on-board RAM, and 32Mbytes

on-board SanDisk. This is the HDD (hard disk drive) of the analyzer, so instrument software

with all user settings, calibration, database, etc. is stored on the Dimm-PC.

* DimmPC® is the Trade Mark of Kontron Embedded Modules GmbH

2.1.6. Configuration and ID E

2

PROM board (IDEPROM) — AJ/AJvet

This board is the interconnection between COMB and PPB cards: Pneumatic I

2

C bus, power

lines and internal printer signals are connected through this card. The board also contains a

24FC256 serial E

2

PROM, which stores the FPGA’s configuration data and identity

information of the instrument (Serial Number, OEM, model, etc.).

Keeping the hardware identity information (write-protected), IDEPROM makes possible to

run the correct software (Human or Vet).

E

PROM

Flash BIOS

Edge connector

Super I/O

Hard Disk

(SanDisk)

CMOS EEPROM

Real-time clock

On-board SMPS

AMD Elan

SC520 CPU

32 Mbytes RAM

SanDisk

controller

Diatron Ltd. 2004

12

2.1.7. Pneumatic and Power Board (PPB) — AJ/AJvet

PPB card contains the main power regulator circuits, valve and motor driver circuits and

other connections for the fluidic and pneumatic system’s parts.

Power system generates +5V (Digital power), +8V (Printer power) and +12V (Motor and

valve power) from the single +12V DC input signal.

Motor driver part consists of six separated PIC micro-controllers with power drivers.

Horizontal, Vertical and Sample rotor motors have one combined ribbon cable connection.

Main Dilutor (with two motors) and Micro-dilutor have separated connectors.

Valve driver section is based on the valve driver PIC micro-controller and two 8-bit, powered

output shift registers (with built in protection diodes) and there is one common ribbon cable

connection for the valve boards. The peristaltic pump has a separated Darlington driver

circuit for more reliable operation.

2.1.8. Opto-boards for stepper motors

There are six stepper motors in the system: Horizontal and Vertical motors, which make the

movements of the sampling needle; the main Dilutor motors (2), which move the syringes

(macro, lyse, rinse); the micro Dilutor motor, which drives the sampling phase and the motor

moving the sample rotor. The stepper motor opto boards make the connections between the

motor driver ICs and motors, and have opto switches for the motor’s home and end

positions. The actual status of the stepper motor’s optos is indicated by two LEDs on each

stepper motor opto boards.

Dilutor and Micro-dilutor have its own separated opto-board, located directly in the units.

X_Y_SR

Horizontal, Vertical & Sample

rotor connection

FLOPPY/CD

Power to

Floppy/CD

PUMP

Peristaltic pump

connection

REAGENT_SENSOR

Reagent sensor

connection

VALVES

Valves connection

PRINTER

Internal printer

connection

+12V_IN

Power input

I_PCB_CONN

ID board

connection

DIL_MDIL

Main Dilutor

connection

PRESSURE

Pressure sensor

connection

MDIL

Micro dilutor

connection

5V voltage

regulator

(on chassis)

Abacus junior /vet / B Service Manual

13

Horizontal and Vertical motors and the sample rotor unit have a common Opto-board, called

XYOpto Board:

The other side of the board contains the connection for the Sample rotor and a ribbon cable

connection to the COMB (AJ/AJvet) or to the MAIN board (AJB).

2.1.9. Valve boards

There are two kinds of valve boards: Valve board 1-5 and Valve board 6-12.

AJ

and AJB have 5 valves, while AJvet has 6 valves in Valve board 6-12 module. The

valve boards are connected to controller and driver chips are located on the PPB.

Opto switches & LEDs for Horizontal motor

Opto switches & LEDs for Vertical motor

LEDs for Sample rotor Connections for Hoirizontal &

Vertical motors

Valves

Valve Board

Connection to PPB

Diatron Ltd. 2004

14

2.1.10. Pressure Sensor

This is an MPX5100AP calibrated pressure sensor, which can measure the required air

pressure and vacuum. The Pressure Sensor is connected directly to the PPB card (AJ/Ajvet)

or to the MAIN board (AJB).

The pressure sensor can operate from +5V only. It is a calibrated sensor with 0-1.1 Bar input

range. Do not apply more than 1.5 Bar to it, because it can ruin the pressure sensor.

2.1.11. Digital Reagent Sensor Board

This board contains four liquid detector opto-detectors (optos) and a reference opto for

automatic temperature and stray light compensation. The reference opto is located in the

middle and it has the same temperature and backlight conditions as the sensing ones.

The Reagent Sensor Board is connected to the PPB card in AJ/AJvet, and the valve driver

micro-controller makes the sensing and compensating operations. In AJB,

this board is

connected to the MAIN board and the micro-controller controls the operation of the Reagent

Sensor Board.

Instrument makes automatic initialization – called calibration – of reagent sensors during

priming phase of fluidics.

Connection to Puffer reservoir

Connection to:

PPB (AJ/Ajvet)

MAIN (AJB)

Reference detector

Reagent detectors

Control LEDs

Connection to:

PPB (AJ/Ajvet)

MAIN (AJB)

Abacus junior /vet / B Service Manual

1

2.1.12. LCD Display Module with High Voltage Board of AJ/AJvet

Display assembly contains the 240×128 dots graphics LCD display and the high voltage

board. LCD has a high voltage backlight lamp (high voltage board generates the required

voltage).

There is a special temperature compensation circuit in the display module, which makes

possible to use the LCD module in wide temperature ranges with the adjusted contrast.

High Voltage Board (HVB) generates LCD backlight voltage (300V), aperture cleaning

voltage (150V), and measuring voltage (50V). The high voltage board is connected to the

system through the amplifier board and the COMB card. This unit contains INVC191 inverter,

which is a high voltage, high frequency circuit producing suitable voltage for CCFL (cold

cathode fluorescent lamp) of the LCD.

The CFSW digital signal (from the COMB card) controls HVB: logical LOW turns inverter on.

The MVON digital signal (from the COMB card) switches the measuring voltage (50 V) on/off

by O1 opto switch.

Warning! Be careful with servicing this board in active state, because the high

voltage (300V) at LCD lamp connector can cause damages or electric shock.

Never operate the analyzer without the LCD backlight connected to the HVB,

because the over-voltage on the output of the HVB can damage the HVB board and

the amplifier.

LCD &

Keypad

controller

LCD module

Keypad connector

HVB with

inverter

Start key and

status LED board

LCD backlight

lamp

Diatron Ltd. 2004

1

In Abacus Junior B, we needed a new high voltage board, because in this instrument there’s

no need for the inverter on the previous HVB (the alphanumeric display has no CCFL

backlight), but the measuring and cleaning voltage generation based on the inverter’s high

voltage. That’s why we developed HVB v2.1, which is still capable to carry and feed the

inverter, but the board has its own high voltage generation circuitry, so can be used without

the inverter placed on it.

HVB v2.1:

Start key is a micro-switch, connected to the COMB card (through the Display ribbon cable).

The status LED indicates the actual status of the analyzer and it has three colors: red, green

and amber (See User’s Manual). The LED has three pins and the actual color depends on

the controlled pins. Start key and status LED are controlled by COMB.

2.1.13. LCD Display Module with High Voltage Board of Abacus Junior B

The display assembly in Abacus Junior B contains a 4×20 characters alphanumeric display,

a high voltage board, a Start key and status LED board. The alphanumeric display has

internal LED based backlight, which is driven and controlled by the MAIN board.

Connection

to LCD lamp

Connection to

COMB and

amplifier

Start key and status

LED board

Alphanumeric LCD

HVB

without inverter

Keypad connector

Connection

to LCD lamp

Connection to

COMB and

amplifier

Abacus junior /vet / B Service Manual

1

High Voltage Board (HVB) generates the aperture cleaning voltage (150V), and measuring

voltage (50V). The high voltage board is connected to the system through the amplifier board

and the MAIN board.

CFSW signal (from MAIN board) controls HVB: logical LOW turns inverter on. MVON signal

(from MAIN board) switches the measuring voltage (50 V) on/off by O1 opto switch.

Warning! Be careful with servicing this board in active state, because the high

voltage can make damages or electric shock!

Start key is a micro-switch, connected to the MAIN board (through the Display ribbon cable).

The status LED indicates the actual status of the analyzer and it has three colors: red, green

and amber (See User’s Manual). The LED has three pins and the actual color depends on

the controlled pins. The MAIN board controls start key and status LED.

In Abacus Junior B the LCD controlling and keypad reading are handled by the micro-

controller of the MAIN board via some interface circuitry.

2.1.14. Keypad of Abacus junior/Abacus junior vet

The analyzer has a 29-button foil keypad including numerical keypad (0-9, “.”), cursor

moving, OK and Del buttons, and 6-6 function buttons, above and under the LCD display as

it is shown in the picture below:

Cursor buttons

START button

Status LED

Function buttons

Function buttons

Connection to

MAIN board

Uninstalled

inverter board

Diatron Ltd. 2004

1

2.1.15. Keypad of Abacus junior B

The analyzer has a 21-button foil keypad including numerical keypad (0-9, “.”), OK and Del

buttons, and 4-4 function buttons, above and under the LCD display as it is shown in the

picture below:

2.1.16. Floppy Disk Drive and CD-ROM Drive — AJ/AJvet

The built-in Floppy Disk Drive makes possible to save data on floppy disks, and to install (or

upgrade) the software. The optional CD-ROM drive can be used to install software (only read

actions from CD-ROM, as write operations are not supported by the instrument’s operating

system). Both units are connected to COMB card: CD-ROM to IDE interface, FDD to Floppy

interface.

CD-ROM

Drive

Floppy Disk

Drive

Function buttons

Function buttons

Status LED

Start button

Abacus junior /vet / B Service Manual

19

2.1.17. External Power Supply

The analyzer works with an external power supply. The next figure shows the power supply

unit generating 12VDC.

The power supply modules have an auto range input, which makes possible to use them with

230V or 115V mains outlet and it has the CE and UL safety certification. The input socket of

the power supply is a standard 3-terminal plug, with power cable connection; the output is a

special, lockable socket as it is shown in the picture.

2.1.18. MAIN board — AJB

MAIN board is responsible to control the instrument: contains the main power regulator

circuits, valve and motor driver circuits and other connections for the fluidic and pneumatic

system’s parts, responsible for the specific measurement processing functions.

The board also contains two 24FC256 serial E

2

PROMs, which store the settings and identity

information of the instrument (Serial Number, OEM, model, etc.) and the measurement

database.

The central micro-controller with a CPLD and with several other digital chips (buffers,

decoder, multiplexer) handles the pneumatic system, displaying, measurement and data

management.

Power system: filtering the +12V Input and generates +3.3V (CPLD), +5V (Digital power),

+8V (Printer power). Filtered +12V is used for the power of motors and valves.

Motor drivers: 6 power drivers; Horizontal, Vertical and Sample rotor motors have one

combined ribbon cable connection. Main Dilutor (with two motors) and Micro-dilutor have

separated connectors.

Valve driver: consists two 8-bit, powered output shift registers (with built in protection diodes)

and there is one common ribbon cable connection for the valve boards. The peristaltic pump

has a separated Darlington driver circuit for more reliable operation.

Real Time Clock: for TIME/DATE functions; powered by Battery at switched off state.

Measurement processing: the A/D conversion made by the micro-controller itself, but several

preprocessing steps (time limits, noise handling, pulse integration) taken by the external

analog circuitry.

External communication through RS232 makes possible to update the firmware of the micro-

controller with an external PC.

115V or 230V

AC inlet

12V DC outlet

Diatron Ltd. 2004

2

COM port

Speaker

connection

LCD, Keypad and

Startkey/LED

connection

CS_ANALOG and CS_IMP

amplifier connections

High Voltage

Board

connection

Micro

dilutor

connection

Peristaltic

Pump

connection

Pressure

sensor

connection

Reagent

Sensor

connection

Valves

connection

+12V

Power Input

Printer

connection

+5V voltage

regulator

(on chassis)

Main Dilutor

connection

Horizontal, Vertical & Sample

rotor connection

Abacus junior /vet / B Service Manual

21

2.2. Main mechanic and fluidic parts of the Analyzer

Abacus junior / Abacus junior vet / Abacus junior B Hematology Analyzers consist of the

following mechanic and fluidic parts:

1. Sample rotor

2. Sampling needle

3. Washing head

4. H&V moving unit

5. Micro Dilutor

6. Dilutor

7. Chamber

8. Cell-counter probe

9. Puffer reservoir

10.Pump

11.Valves

12.Tubing

HGB

Abacus

junior

&

Abacus junior vet

&

Abacus junior

B

Fluidic Schematics

Version 2.1

WASTE

CLEANER

M2

M1

P

V10 Cleaner

V4 DilAperture

V2 DrainAperture

V1 DrainChamber

V6 DilWash

RBC

WBC

V5 DrainPuffer

M1

LDx

Liquid Detector

Stepper Motor

2-way Valve

Closed = Off

Open = On

12

3

3-way

Valve

1-3 = Off

2-3 = On

1

2

3

1

2

3

Pump

Hor

Ver

1

2

3

Puffer

Reservoir

Pressure

Meter

Lyse

Sensor

Diluent & Cleaner

Sensor

1

2

3

LDD

V3 Bubble

1

2

3

Micro-dilutor

DILUENT

1

2

3

V7 DilChamber

M5

LDRLDL

Rinse

Sensor

Sample

rotor

LYSE

V8 DilNeedle

V9LyseWbc

1

2

3

Lyse

Dil

M3

RINSE

Rinse

1

2

3

V11Rinse

M6

M4

Main

dilutor

The main fluidic schematics are almost the same for the three models. The only exception is

the Rinse reagent and the corresponding Rinse syringe and Rinse valve (V11), which is

present for the AJvet model only.

Diatron Ltd. 2004

22

2.2.1. Sample rotor

Abacus junior / Abacus junior vet / Abacus junior B hematology Analyzers has a sample

rotor for safety and more precise sample handling. Commonly used sample tubes are

supported by replaceable tube adapters.

The Sample rotor unit uses a stepper motor, connected to the PPB (AJ/AJvet) or to the

MAIN board (AJB), through the XY opto board. The rotor has micro switches for positioning.

The unit blocks itself in the home and end position with mechanical parts and has a special

cap that prevents the damage of the electronic and mechanic parts caused by any fluid.

Sample rotor is maintenance-free.

2.2.2. Sampling needle

Sampling needle is assembled in the H&V moving unit and it makes the sample aspirations.

Correct setting of sampling needle is necessary and very important (see Chapter

Adjustments).

2.2.3. Washing head

Washing head is located at the bottom of the H&V moving unit and it is for cleaning the outer

surface of the sampling needle. This washing process is made with diluent reagent and the

fluid is drained by the pump. The arrows on the picture show the direction of diluent flow

during sampling needle washing.

Clean or replace washing head yearly, or after 10 000 measurements.

Replaceable tube adapter Micro switches for positioning

Clean diluent

Pump to waste

Abacus junior /vet / B Service Manual

23

2.2.4. H&V moving unit

All three instruments use the same H&V moving unit.

This unit contains slides to move the sample sampling needle in Horizontal and Vertical

directions, two stepper motors, XYR opto board, opto wheel, washing head and the sampling

needle. It moves the needle to the desired position: from sampling position, to washing head,

and to the measuring chamber.

Both stepper motors have optical end-switch sensors for detecting these positions. These

are required for correct initialization and error detection. All sensors have status LEDs to

show actual conditions.

The Vertical motor works with a special opto wheel for detecting home & end positions. See

the Adjustment section of this manual to place this wheel to the proper position.

Greasing of the horizontal/vertical guiding rods should be done regularly using

“Photorub”, a PTFE-based thin lubricant.

It is recommended to check and repeat greasing of guiding rods every year, or after

10000 measurements.

Sampling needle

holder

XYR opto board

Horizontal

motor

Vertical

motor

Sampling needle

Washing head

Vertical opto wheel

Diatron Ltd. 2004

24

2.2.5. Main Dilutor

In case of AJ and AJB this unit includes two dilutor channels – one for diluent, and another

one for lyse reagents. (There’s another channel for Rinse in the AJvet model). There are two

stepper motors, a common motor opto board, three (AJ/AJB) or four (AJvet) syringes and

piston rods with gear transmission.

Maintenance should be provided to the piston tips, by applying neutral silicon

grease to the cogged end of the Macro and Lyse pistons, between the syringe and

the tip itself. This will ensure optimum sealing and longer lifetime of piston tips.

Greasing of the cogged transmission parts (cogwheel and cogged bar) should be

done regularly using machine grease.

It is recommended to check and repeat greasing of piston tips, and transmission

gear every year, or after 10000 measurements.

Diluent

syringes

Rinse

piston

AJvet

Lyse

piston

Control

LEDs

Control

LEDs

Abacus junior /vet / B Service Manual

2

2.2.6. Micro Dilutor

Micro dilutor is taking the precise sample (25 or 50µl) into the sampling needle. It includes a stepper

motor, a motor opto board and the micro syringe.

2.2.7. Puffer reservoir

The glass puffer reservoir is directly connected to the pressure sensor.

During measurement, there is no pump activity, so the puffer reservoir maintains measuring

vacuum stable. The instrument measures atmospheric pressure and adjusts measuring

vacuum according to it.

2.2.8. Pump

Pump generates regulated vacuum and drains the fluidic system. It is connected to the PPB

(AJ/AJvet) or to the MAIN board (AJB) and it has its own driver circuit (Darlington).

If the tube of the peristaltic pump becomes worn, it can be broken, causing Pressure error.

It is recommended to check the state of the tube, and replace it every 2 years, or

after 20 000 measurements. Always replace the peristaltic pump tube to the same

PharMed® type, with the same length.

For servicing the tube of the pump, open the peristaltic pump from its top (see picture) and

remove the tube together with the white plastic side wall (see picture):

In case of damaged tubes, it can be replaced by a new one by opening the two metal locks

located at the two ends of the tube (see picture).

Connection to

PPB (AJ/AJvet)

MAIN board (AJB)

Transmission gear

Stepper motor

Connection to needle

Connection to Valve

Motor opto board

Diatron Ltd. 2004

2

2.3. Assembled Analyzer

2.3.1. Abacus junior / Abacus junior vet

Front Panel (note display logo: it is an Abacus Junior model; and missing optional CD-ROM

drive module):

Rear panel (note reagent inlets: it is an Abacus Junior model as there is no Rinse

connection):

240×128 dots

Graphic LCD

Floppy drive

Built-in thermal

printer (optional)

Sample tube

adapters

Sample rotor

START button

Function keys

Foil keypad

Reagent inlets

Serial Port

Printer Port

Back door to

access pump and

main dilutor

Keyboard

Power switch

Abacus junior /vet / B Service Manual

2

Construction – front (note optional CD-ROM drive):

Construction – right side (note white reagent inlet for Rinse: it is an Abacus Junior Vet

model):

Chamber and

aperture

Micro dilutor

Washing head

Amplifier

assembly

Reagent

inlets

Valve block

Adapter

Sample rotor

Needle

moving

mechanics

Speaker

CD-ROM, FDD

Sample rotor

Electronic

block

Pressure

sensor

Valve block

Diatron Ltd. 2004

2

Construction – back (note white reagent inlet for Rinse, main dilutor and valve block with 6

valves: it is an Abacus Junior Vet model):

Construction – left side (note connected IDE ribbon cable):

Reagent

connectors

Valve block

Reagent

sensors

Main Dilutor

Peristaltic

pump

Display

assembly

Pneumatic

and Power

Board (PPB)

Control and

Measurement

Board (COMB)

Speaker

ID Eprom Board

IDEPROM

Abacus junior /vet / B Service Manual

29

2.3.2. Abacus junior B

Front panel (note missing floppy and CD-ROM drives):

Rear panel (note Serial Port as the only interface):

4×20 character

Alphanumeric LCD

Built-in thermal

printer

Sample tube

adapters

Sample rotor

START

button

Function keys

Foil keypad

Reagent inlets

Serial Port

Back door to

access pump and

main dilutor

Power switch

Diatron Ltd. 2004

3

Construction – front:

Construction — right side:

Speaker

Sample rotor

Electronic

block

Pressure

sensor

Valve block

Chamber and

aperture

Micro dilutor

Washing head

Amplifier

assembly

Reagent

inlets

Valve block

Sample rotor

Needle

moving

mechanics

Abacus junior /vet / B Service Manual

31

Construction – back (note valve block with 5 valves):

Construction — left side:

Reagent

connectors

Valve block

Reagent

sensors

Main Dilutor

Peristaltic

pump

Display

assembly

Speaker

MAIN board

Diatron Ltd. 2004

32

3. OPERATION OF THE FLUIDIC SYSTEM

This section describes the main fluidic steps of Abacus junior / Abacus junior vet /

Abacus junior B measurement cycle. The instrument’s Fluidic Schematics are shown in

Section 2.2. of this manual. The following figures show total measurement flow diagram and

detailed descriptions of processes for understanding the fluidic system work.

The following steps are introduced in this section:

1. Flow diagram of measurement

2. Initialization process

3. Sampling process

4. Needle washing process

5. Diluting process

6. Lysing process

7. Counting process

8. Chamber draining process

9. Cleaning process

10. Shutdown process

In the detailed process description figures, the active tube is filled with black color, while an

arrow (

→) shows the direction of the flow. Moving mechanic parts have another arrow

indicating direction of movement. Only opened (On) valves are mentioned in this section

while all the other valves are closed (Off).

Abacus junior / Abacus junior vet / Abacus junior B employs a software waste full

checking feature. Software integrates volume of the reagents used, and gives a message

when this volume reaches the preset tank capacity.

Abacus junior /vet / B Service Manual

33

3.1. Flow diagram of measurement

Previous RBC

dilution in chamber

Diluent of washing

process in chamber

6 ml

Diluent of standby

state in chamber

3 ml

Chamber draining

h

m

r fl

h

Fill up with 1 ml

diluent for WBC

dilution

Horizontal motor

moves out, sample

rotor turn in, needle

moves down

Sampling process

Needle washnig,

needle positioning

into the chamber

First dilution (1:160)

WBC only?

Needle washing

RBC sampling

Lysing process

Filling of electrode

lines; generating

measurin

vacuum

H

B m

r

m

n

Diatron Ltd. 2004

34

Lyse2 > 0 ?

A

vet

High voltage

cleaning pulses;

backflush

Lysing process

Measuring vacuum

WBC2

measurement

Lyse retract

Small washing

Cleaning (cleaner)

High voltage

cleaning pulses;

backflush

Vet?

Washing (diluent)

Blank HGB

measurement

Abacus junior /vet / B Service Manual

3

WBC only?

Fill up with 1 ml

diluent for RBC

dilution

RBC dilution

(1:32000)

Filling of electrode

lines; generating

measurin

vacuum

RB

m

r

m

n

Rinse (1,6 ml);

waiting (5 sec)

Motor

synchronizations

RBC2 ?

(AJvet)

RB

2 m

r

m

n

End

Diatron Ltd. 2004

3

3.2. Initialization of the Fluidic System

Fluidic initialization process performs the following steps:

• Checking of valves by turning all on/off

• Checking of pump and pressure sensor by generating measuring vacuum

• Positioning all mechanical components by scanning moving range (with end-

switches)

• Priming of reagents and calibrating reagent sensors

• Cleaning of tubing & measuring chamber

• Cleaning of aperture with high-pressure back-flush, cleaner reagent & high-voltage

burning

3.3. Sampling process

The aspirating needle aspirates 25 µl (50 µl in prediluted mode) of blood sample. The Micro-

dilutor syringe makes the aspirating while the M4 Micro-dilutor motor moves down.

There is also another sampling process for the second (RBC) dilution, 25 µl of primary

dilution is aspirated by the sampling needle from the chamber but it is kept in the sampling

needle during the WBC measurement and the cleaning process.

HGB

WASTE

CLEANER

M2

M1

LYSE

P

V8 DilNeedle

V9 LyseWbc

V10 Cleaner

V4 DilAperture

V2 DrainAperture

V1 DrainChamber

V6 DilWash

RBC

WBC

V5 DrainPuffer

M1

LDx

Liquid Detector

Stepper Motor

2-way Valve

Closed = Off

Open = On

12

3

3-way Valve

1-3 = Off

2-3 = On

1

2

3

1

2

3

1

2

3

Lyse

Pump

Dil

Hor

Ver

1

2

3

Puffer

Reservoir

Pressure

Meter

Lyse

Sensor

Diluent & Cleaner

Sensor

1

2

3

LDD

V3 Bubble

M3

1

2

3

Macro

Micro-dilutor

1

2

3

Rinse

RINSE

DILUENT

1

2

3

V11 Rinse

V7 DilChamber

M5

LDRLDL

Rinse

Sensor

Sample

rotor

M4

Abacus junior /vet / B Service Manual

3

3.4. Needle washing process

Both instruments clean the sampling needle with diluent in the washing head after sampling.

It is important to clean the outer surface of the sampling needle to avoid inaccurate sampling.

The Macro syringe doses and the pump drains the diluent from the washing head, while the

sampling needle moves upwards so that the total length of it is washed and cleaned. This

process is called total sampling needle washing, and it is mainly used after taking primary

sample from sample tube.

Another process, which is washing only a smaller part of the sampling needle, is the same

but the needle does not move in the total length. Some procedures perform this kind of

sampling needle washing.

The Macro syringe pushes the diluent through V8 (Off), V7 (Off), V6 (On). The Pump

aspirates the diluent from the washing head through V5 (On), while the M2 Vertical motor

moves the sampling needle up.

HGB

WASTE

CLEANER

M2

M1

LYSE

P

V8 DilNeedle

V9 LyseWbc

V10 Cleaner

V4 DilAperture

V2 DrainAperture

V1 DrainChamber

V6 DilWash

RBC

WBC

V5 DrainPuffer

M1

LDx

Liquid Detector

Stepper Motor

2-way Valve

Closed = Off

Open = On

12

3

3-way Valve

1-3 = Off

2-3 = On

1

2

3

1

2

3

1

2

3

Lyse

Pump

Dil

Hor

Ver

1

2

3

Puffer

Reservoir

Pressure

Meter

Lyse

Sensor

Diluent & Cleaner

Sensor

1

2

3

LDD

V3 Bubble

M3

1

2

3

Macro

Micro-dilutor

1

2

3

Rinse

RINSE

DILUENT

1

2

3

V11 Rinse

V7 DilChamber

M5

LDRLDL

Rinse

Sensor

Sample

rotor

M4

Diatron Ltd. 2004

3

3.5. Diluting process

The parts of the fluidics are rinsed with diluent reagent. The measuring chamber is filled up

with 1 ml of diluent. This method prevents the chamber from dirt and makes the diluting

process faster.

The sampling process has aspirated 25 µl of sample, which is in the sampling needle. In the

first diluting step the sample is dispensed into the measuring chamber with 3 ml of diluent,

which comes from the Macro syringe through V8 (On) and Micro-dilutor, while the M3 Dilutor

motor moves upwards. This process makes the 1:160 first dilution rate in the chamber.

The second sample – 25 µl of primary dilution – is stored in the sampling needle during the

WBC measurement and the cleaning process. The instrument makes the second (RBC)

dilution into the chamber after these processes.

HGB

WASTE

CLEANER

M2

M1

LYSE

P

V8 DilNeedle

V9 LyseWbc

V10 Cleaner

V4 DilAperture

V2 DrainAperture

V1 DrainChamber

V6 DilWash

RBC

WBC

V5 DrainPuffer

M1

LDx

Liquid Detector

Stepper Motor

2-way Valve

Closed = Off

Open = On

12

3

3-way Valve

1-3 = Off

2-3 = On

1

2

3

1

2

3

1

2

3

Lyse

Pump

Dil

Hor

Ver

1

2

3

Puffer

Reservoir

Pressure

Meter

Lyse

Sensor

Diluent & Cleaner

Sensor

1

2

3

LDD

V3 Bubble

M3

1

2

3

Macro

Micro-dilutor

1

2

3

Rinse

RINSE

DILUENT

1

2

3

V11 Rinse

V7 DilChamber

M5

LDRLDL

Rinse

Sensor

Sample

rotor

M4

Abacus junior /vet / B Service Manual

39

3.6. Lysing process

In this step the set lysing reagent is added into the measuring chamber through V9 (On),

while the Lyse syringe moves upwards. This process makes the WBC/HGB dilution with lyse

reagent.

For better mixing the macro syringe pushes some air bubbles (aspirated through the washing

inlet of the chamber and V3) after the lysing process through V8 (Off), V7 (On), V4 (Off) V3

(On).

HGB

WASTE

CLEANER

M2

M1

LYSE

P

V8 DilNeedle

V9 LyseWbc

V10 Cleaner

V4 DilAperture

V2 DrainAperture

V1 DrainChamber

V6 DilWash

RBC

WBC

V5 DrainPuffer

M1

LDx

Liquid Detector

Stepper Motor

2-way Valve

Closed = Off

Open = On

12

3

3-way Valve

1-3 = Off

2-3 = On

1

2

3

1

2

3

1

2

3

Lyse

Pump

Dil

Hor

Ver

1

2

3

Puffer

Reservoir

Pressure

Meter

Lyse

Sensor

Diluent & Cleaner

Sensor

1

2

3

LDD

V3 Bubble

M3

1

2

3

Macro

Micro-dilutor

1

2

3

Rinse

RINSE

DILUENT

1

2

3

V11 Rinse

V7 DilChamber

M5

LDRLDL

Rinse

Sensor

Sample

rotor

M4

Diatron Ltd. 2004

4

3.7. Counting process

The regulated vacuum (it is generated by the pump in the puffer reservoir) aspirates the

diluted sample (WBC or RBC) from the chamber through V2 (On) valve. There is no volume

limiter in the system, the instrument counts the cells for 8 seconds in both counting phases

(WBC and RBC).

For noise prevention there is no mechanical or electronic activity during the counting process

and the door should be closed for better shielding.

HGB

WASTE

CLEANER

M2

M1

LYSE

P

V8 DilNeedle

V9 LyseWbc

V10 Cleaner

V4 DilAperture

V2 DrainAperture

V1 DrainChamber

V6 DilWash

RBC

WBC

V5 DrainPuffer

M1

LDx

Liquid Detector

Stepper Motor

2-way Valve

Closed = Off

Open = On

12

3

3-way Valve

1-3 = Off

2-3 = On

1

2

3

1

2

3

1

2

3

Lyse

Pump

Dil

Hor

Ver

1

2

3

Puffer

Reservoir

Pressure

Meter

Lyse

Sensor

Diluent & Cleaner

Sensor

1

2

3

LDD

V3 Bubble

M3

1

2

3

Macro

Micro-dilutor

1

2

3

Rinse

RINSE

DILUENT

1

2

3

V11 Rinse

V7 DilChamber

M5

LDRLDL

Rinse

Sensor

Sample

rotor

M4

Abacus junior /vet / B Service Manual

41

3.8. Chamber draining process

Chamber draining is made under pressure control. Pump drains chamber while puffer

reservoir and thus the pressure sensor is connected to the draining tube. The instrument can

detect the empty state of the chamber from drop of vacuum.

HGB

WASTE

CLEANER

M2

M1

LYSE

P

V8 DilNeedle

V9 LyseWbc

V10 Cleaner

V4 DilAperture

V2 DrainAperture

V1 DrainChamber

V6 DilWash

RBC

WBC

V5 DrainPuffer

M1

LDx

Liquid Detector

Stepper Motor

2-way Valve

Closed = Off

Open = On

12

3

3-way Valve

1-3 = Off

2-3 = On

1

2

3

1

2

3

1

2

3

Lyse

Pump

Dil

Hor

Ver

1

2

3

Puffer

Reservoir

Pressure

Meter

Lyse

Sensor

Diluent & Cleaner

Sensor

1

2

3

LDD

V3 Bubble

M3

1

2

3

Macro

Micro-dilutor

1

2

3

Rinse

RINSE

DILUENT

1

2

3

V11 Rinse

V7 DilChamber

M5

LDRLDL

Rinse

Sensor

Sample

rotor

M4

Diatron Ltd. 2004

42

3.9. Cleaning process

The pump aspirates the cleaner through the V5 (On), V2 (On), V4 (On) and V10 (On) valves

to puffer the cleaner reagent in the tubes between V7 and V4.

After that the Macro syringe pushes the cleaner reagent remaining in the tube between V10

and V4 into the chamber. The liquid detector (Diluent & Cleaner detector) can detect the

existence of cleaner solution.

3.10. Shutdown process

The fluidic shutdown performs the following steps:

• Priming chamber with reagent to avoid drying out of aperture

• Sampling needle is positioned above counting chamber, needle up

• Lyse and Rinse syringes are positioned up

• Diluent syringes are positioned down

• Sample rotor moved out

HGB

WASTE

CLEANER

M2

M1

LYSE

P

V8 DilNeedle

V9 LyseWbc

V10 Cleaner

V4 DilAperture

V2 DrainAperture

V1 DrainChamber

V6 DilWash

RBC

WBC

V5 DrainPuffer

M1

LDx

Liquid Detector

Stepper Motor

2-way Valve

Closed = Off

Open = On

12

3

3-way Valve

1-3 = Off

2-3 = On

1

2

3

1

2

3

1

2

3

Lyse

Pump

Dil

Hor

Ver

1

2

3

Puffer

Reservoir

Pressure

Meter

Lyse

Sensor

Diluent & Cleaner

Sensor

1

2

3

LDD

V3 Bubble

M3

1

2

3

Macro

Micro-dilutor

1

2

3

Rinse

RINSE

DILUENT

1

2

3

V11 Rinse

V7 DilChamber

M5

LDRLDL

Rinse

Sensor

Sample

rotor

M4

Abacus junior /vet / B Service Manual

43

4. ADJUSTMENT

Mechanical and hardware adjustments are described in this section. Software settings are

included in Section 5.2.

4.1. Mechanical settings

There are two important mechanical settings in the system:

• Opto wheel setting (Vertical motor)

• Sampling needle setting

The manufacturer adjusts the analyzer during production. However, in case of

repairs in the mechanical system, these adjustments should be checked. The

omission of these settings can cause malfunction or damages to the instrument.

4.1.1. Opto wheel setting

This setting is necessary for the vertical motor movements because this adjustment sets the

opto end-switches of the H&V moving unit. The top of this block is called HV head and it is

shown in the figure below.

Set the distance to 1-2 mm between the moving

carriage and the stable part of the head.

Loose „A” screws to allow free movement of the timing

belt.

Adjust the opto wheel to home position, i.e. home hole

must be in home sensor, and LED corresponding to

home opto sensor goes on.

Fasten „A” screws.

Check the end position as well: move the needle down. Adjustment is successful if end LED

goes on before moving part reaches end of mechanical range.

Once this adjustment is necessary, never miss sampling needle setting described in the next

section.

Opto wheel

End opto

Home opto

End hole

Home hole

Screw „A”

Screw „B”

Diatron Ltd. 2004

44

4.1.2. Sampling needle setting

This adjustment sets the sampling needle to the operational position.

In Service menu, in Miscellaneous submenu of AJ/AJvet and in Service menu of AJB select

Needle setting.

The software moves the needle back and up, and turns on horizontal and vertical motors

(AJ/AJvet) to keep needle in place. AJB holds only the vertical motor during needle setting.

Check the setting of the needle. If end of the needle is at the bottom of the washing head,

needle is set correctly. If not, open screws “B” (see above), and adjust the needle to the

bottom of the washing head. Fasten “B” screws.

Set the end of the tip to the washing head’s bottom plane, while the carriage is held

by motors. (Needle setting menu). Fix the „B” screws.

Be careful with the bent upper end of the sampling needle, because if badly aligned,

during movement it can hit other mechanical components causing mechanical jam,

and therefore damages or error.

4.2. Hardware settings

4.2.1. Amplifier offset setting

Amplifier offset should be between ±5mV. Run self test to determine whether offset is within

this range. If it is out of range, it should be re-set, by the following way.

1. Locate the opening for offset setting potentiometer on the

measuring block (see enclosed picture).

2. In Service menu select Offset adjustment menu.

3. Adjust the potentiometer to reach 0 mV.

Opening for offset adjustment on measuring block

Sampling needle

Teflon stuffing ring

Tubes to/from the

washing head

Bottom plane of

washing head

Abacus junior /vet / B Service Manual

4

5. CHECKING THE PROPER OPERATION

There is a built-in Self test and Service menu in each models.

5.1. Self test of Abacus junior and Vet

5.1.1. Self test Screens (AJ/AJvet)

Self test can be used to check the operation of

the instrument.

The first panel shows general information about

the instrument. (See menu on the left.)

With the new COMB card, the PCPNIF firmware

version is empty, and the MPU firmware version

holds the COMB version number.

The second and third panel contains tested

parameters, as follow:

HGB light (LED is on).

Measuring Electrode voltage, current and

offset.

Amplifier transfer by generating 20000 test

pulses, incl. gain related peak value, noise

related deviation.

Amplifier Noise test during a 5-second period.

Atmospheric pressure stands for outer

pressure.

Vacuum reports pump operation (vacuum made

by the pump in a 10-second period of time).

Drift represents pressure loss of vacuum

measured in a 10-second period of time.

Power ±12V shows the amplifier voltage value.

Power Batt reports the voltage value of the

battery. If battery fails, system time will stop.

Core Temp shows CPU temperature of the Control and Measurement Board (COMB).

Overall test result is displayed, which can be Successful (in case of every test result is OK)

or Errors (if HIGH, LOW or ERROR).

At the end of a result line status message is displayed, which means that the actual test

result is at the normal range (OK), higher (HIGH), lower (LOW) than the pre-determined

limits, or the result is an error (ERROR).

Self test results

Date of testing: 07.03.2003

Model: Abacus Junior

Serial No: 1541

Version: AJV V1.0

Compiled: 21.03.2003

PCPNIF Firmware version —

MPU Firmware version: 3.0

Self test results

HGB light 17723 OK

Electr. Voltage: 51.2 V OK

current: 879 uA OK

offset -1.9 mV OK

Ampl. test: 20000 pls OK

peak: 1641 mV OK

dev: 53 mV OK

Noise test: 1 pls/5 sec OK

Self test results

Atm 978 mBar OK

Vacuum: 218 mBar OK

drift: 3 mBar/10sec OK

Power +12V: 11.2 V OK

Power –12V: -11.5 V OK

Power Batt: 3.2 V OK

Core Temp: 44.8 °C OK

Overall result: Successful

Diatron Ltd. 2004

4

5.1.2. Normal range of Self Test parameters (AJ/AJvet)

Parameter Unit Lower bound Upper bound

HGB light count 3000 50000

Electrode voltage V 45 55

Current µA 830 930

Offset mV -5.0 5.0

Amplifier test count 19990 20050

Peak of test pulses mV 1300 1700

deviation (noise) mV 0 100

Noise test pls/5sec 0 50

Outer pressure mBar 600 1100

Vacuum mBar 125 250

Drift mBar/10sec 0 10

Power +12V V 11.0 12.5

Power –12V V -12.5 -11.0

Power Batt. V 3.0 4.5

Core Temp. °C — —

5.1.3. Troubleshooting Guide for Self test

Parameter Mark Possible reason Remedy

HGB dark HIGH Instrument door open Close instrument door

LOW

HGB head not connected or

HGB LED out of order

Check HGB head connections

check HGB LED during

measurement

HGB light

HIGH

Instrument door open or

HGB LED too bright

Close door or replace HGB

LED resistor on amplifier board

Electrode voltage

LOW

or HIGH

Fault on High Voltage

or Amplifier board

Check measuring voltage (50V) on

High voltage and Amplifier boards

Current

LOW

or HIGH

Fault on Amplifier board

Check current generator, and test

generator FET on Amplifier board

Offset

LOW

or HIGH

Fault on Amplifier board

Check the offset potentiometer on

Amplifier board

LOW Amplifier Boards is not

connected to main board

Check cables and connectors

coming from the Amplifier

Amplifier test

HIGH Instrument not grounded Check mains ground lead

Peak of pulses LOW

or HIGH

Fault on Amplifier board

Check current generator, and test

generator FET on Amplifier board

Dev. (noise) HIGH Instrument not grounded Check mains ground lead

Noise HIGH Instrument not grounded Check mains ground lead

Outer pressure

LOW

or HIGH

Pressure sensor, cable or

connector problem

Check pressure sensor, cable

connections and controller board

pressure connector

Vacuum LOW Peristaltic pump failure Check peristaltic pump

Drift HIGH Leakage in pneumatics Check tubing in pneumatics

Abacus junior /vet / B Service Manual

4

5.2. Self Test of Abacus Junior B

There is a built-in Self test and Service menu in Abacus junior B.

5.2.1. Self Test Menu

To run a self test go to UTILITIES menu, by pressing ,

then press ‘DIAG’ function to reach DIAGNOSTICS menu.

DIAGNOSTICS menu.

Press ‘TEST’ to perform Self test

Press ‘STAT’ to check statistics of instrument’s operation.

STATistics contain: database capacity, number of samples,

pneumatic errors listed in order: Clogging, Sensor, Vacuum,

MDilu, MMicro, MLyse, MRotor, MHori, MVert.

Press ’

↓’ to browse amongst listed parameters.

You can also print Statistics list:

DIATRON Abacus Junior B

— Statistics –

S/N: 140001 SW: 1.56/1.0

Date 04.06.2004.

SWDate: Jun 3 2004

Statistics

DB capacity: 40/100

Samples run: 31

Pneumatical Errors

Clogging :0

Sensor :0

Vacuum :0

Mdilu :0

MMicro :0

Mlyse :0

MRotor :1

MHori :0

MVert :0

UTILITIES

Select Submenu

DATA SET DIAG PNEU

Diagnostics

TEST STAT

Statistics ↓

DB capacity:41/100

Samples run: 21

Pneumatic Errors: