Самые популярные коды ошибок http

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This is a list of Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) response status codes. Status codes are issued by a server in response to a client’s request made to the server. It includes codes from IETF Request for Comments (RFCs), other specifications, and some additional codes used in some common applications of the HTTP. The first digit of the status code specifies one of five standard classes of responses. The optional message phrases shown are typical, but any human-readable alternative may be provided, or none at all.

Unless otherwise stated, the status code is part of the HTTP standard (RFC 9110).

The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) maintains the official registry of HTTP status codes.^[1]

All HTTP response status codes are separated into five classes or categories. The first digit of the status code defines the class of response, while the last two digits do not have any classifying or categorization role. There are five classes defined by the standard:

• 1xx informational response – the request was received, continuing process
• 2xx successful – the request was successfully received, understood, and accepted
• 3xx redirection – further action needs to be taken in order to complete the request
• 4xx client error – the request contains bad syntax or cannot be fulfilled
• 5xx server error – the server failed to fulfil an apparently valid request

1xx informational response

An informational response indicates that the request was received and understood. It is issued on a provisional basis while request processing continues. It alerts the client to wait for a final response. The message consists only of the status line and optional header fields, and is terminated by an empty line. As the HTTP/1.0 standard did not define any 1xx status codes, servers must not^{[note 1]} send a 1xx response to an HTTP/1.0 compliant client except under experimental conditions.

100 Continue

The server has received the request headers and the client should proceed to send the request body (in the case of a request for which a body needs to be sent; for example, a POST request). Sending a large request body to a server after a request has been rejected for inappropriate headers would be inefficient. To have a server check the request’s headers, a client must send Expect: 100-continue as a header in its initial request and receive a 100 Continue status code in response before sending the body. If the client receives an error code such as 403 (Forbidden) or 405 (Method Not Allowed) then it should not send the request’s body. The response 417 Expectation Failed indicates that the request should be repeated without the Expect header as it indicates that the server does not support expectations (this is the case, for example, of HTTP/1.0 servers).^[2]

101 Switching Protocols

The requester has asked the server to switch protocols and the server has agreed to do so.

102 Processing (WebDAV; RFC 2518)

A WebDAV request may contain many sub-requests involving file operations, requiring a long time to complete the request. This code indicates that the server has received and is processing the request, but no response is available yet.^[3] This prevents the client from timing out and assuming the request was lost. The status code is deprecated.^[4]

103 Early Hints (RFC 8297)

Used to return some response headers before final HTTP message.^[5]

2xx success

This class of status codes indicates the action requested by the client was received, understood, and accepted.^[1]

200 OK

Standard response for successful HTTP requests. The actual response will depend on the request method used. In a GET request, the response will contain an entity corresponding to the requested resource. In a POST request, the response will contain an entity describing or containing the result of the action.

201 Created

The request has been fulfilled, resulting in the creation of a new resource.^[6]

202 Accepted

The request has been accepted for processing, but the processing has not been completed. The request might or might not be eventually acted upon, and may be disallowed when processing occurs.

203 Non-Authoritative Information (since HTTP/1.1)

The server is a transforming proxy (e.g. a Web accelerator) that received a 200 OK from its origin, but is returning a modified version of the origin’s response.^[7][8]

204 No Content

The server successfully processed the request, and is not returning any content.

205 Reset Content

The server successfully processed the request, asks that the requester reset its document view, and is not returning any content.

206 Partial Content

The server is delivering only part of the resource (byte serving) due to a range header sent by the client. The range header is used by HTTP clients to enable resuming of interrupted downloads, or split a download into multiple simultaneous streams.

207 Multi-Status (WebDAV; RFC 4918)

The message body that follows is by default an XML message and can contain a number of separate response codes, depending on how many sub-requests were made.^[9]

208 Already Reported (WebDAV; RFC 5842)

The members of a DAV binding have already been enumerated in a preceding part of the (multistatus) response, and are not being included again.

226 IM Used (RFC 3229)

The server has fulfilled a request for the resource, and the response is a representation of the result of one or more instance-manipulations applied to the current instance.^[10]

3xx redirection

This class of status code indicates the client must take additional action to complete the request. Many of these status codes are used in URL redirection.^[1]

A user agent may carry out the additional action with no user interaction only if the method used in the second request is GET or HEAD. A user agent may automatically redirect a request. A user agent should detect and intervene to prevent cyclical redirects.^[11]

300 Multiple Choices

Indicates multiple options for the resource from which the client may choose (via agent-driven content negotiation). For example, this code could be used to present multiple video format options, to list files with different filename extensions, or to suggest word-sense disambiguation.

301 Moved Permanently

This and all future requests should be directed to the given URI.

302 Found (Previously «Moved temporarily»)

Tells the client to look at (browse to) another URL. The HTTP/1.0 specification (RFC 1945) required the client to perform a temporary redirect with the same method (the original describing phrase was «Moved Temporarily»),^[12] but popular browsers implemented 302 redirects by changing the method to GET. Therefore, HTTP/1.1 added status codes 303 and 307 to distinguish between the two behaviours.^[11]

303 See Other (since HTTP/1.1)

The response to the request can be found under another URI using the GET method. When received in response to a POST (or PUT/DELETE), the client should presume that the server has received the data and should issue a new GET request to the given URI.

304 Not Modified

Indicates that the resource has not been modified since the version specified by the request headers If-Modified-Since or If-None-Match. In such case, there is no need to retransmit the resource since the client still has a previously-downloaded copy.

305 Use Proxy (since HTTP/1.1)

The requested resource is available only through a proxy, the address for which is provided in the response. For security reasons, many HTTP clients (such as Mozilla Firefox and Internet Explorer) do not obey this status code.

306 Switch Proxy

No longer used. Originally meant «Subsequent requests should use the specified proxy.»

307 Temporary Redirect (since HTTP/1.1)

In this case, the request should be repeated with another URI; however, future requests should still use the original URI. In contrast to how 302 was historically implemented, the request method is not allowed to be changed when reissuing the original request. For example, a POST request should be repeated using another POST request.

308 Permanent Redirect

This and all future requests should be directed to the given URI. 308 parallel the behaviour of 301, but does not allow the HTTP method to change. So, for example, submitting a form to a permanently redirected resource may continue smoothly.

4xx client errors

This class of status code is intended for situations in which the error seems to have been caused by the client. Except when responding to a HEAD request, the server should include an entity containing an explanation of the error situation, and whether it is a temporary or permanent condition. These status codes are applicable to any request method. User agents should display any included entity to the user.

400 Bad Request

The server cannot or will not process the request due to an apparent client error (e.g., malformed request syntax, size too large, invalid request message framing, or deceptive request routing).

401 Unauthorized

Similar to 403 Forbidden, but specifically for use when authentication is required and has failed or has not yet been provided. The response must include a WWW-Authenticate header field containing a challenge applicable to the requested resource. See Basic access authentication and Digest access authentication. 401 semantically means «unauthorised», the user does not have valid authentication credentials for the target resource.

Some sites incorrectly issue HTTP 401 when an IP address is banned from the website (usually the website domain) and that specific address is refused permission to access a website.^{[citation needed]}

402 Payment Required

Reserved for future use. The original intention was that this code might be used as part of some form of digital cash or micropayment scheme, as proposed, for example, by GNU Taler,^[14] but that has not yet happened, and this code is not widely used. Google Developers API uses this status if a particular developer has exceeded the daily limit on requests.^[15] Sipgate uses this code if an account does not have sufficient funds to start a call.^[16] Shopify uses this code when the store has not paid their fees and is temporarily disabled.^[17] Stripe uses this code for failed payments where parameters were correct, for example blocked fraudulent payments.^[18]

403 Forbidden

The request contained valid data and was understood by the server, but the server is refusing action. This may be due to the user not having the necessary permissions for a resource or needing an account of some sort, or attempting a prohibited action (e.g. creating a duplicate record where only one is allowed). This code is also typically used if the request provided authentication by answering the WWW-Authenticate header field challenge, but the server did not accept that authentication. The request should not be repeated.

404 Not Found

The requested resource could not be found but may be available in the future. Subsequent requests by the client are permissible.

405 Method Not Allowed

A request method is not supported for the requested resource; for example, a GET request on a form that requires data to be presented via POST, or a PUT request on a read-only resource.

406 Not Acceptable

The requested resource is capable of generating only content not acceptable according to the Accept headers sent in the request. See Content negotiation.

407 Proxy Authentication Required

The client must first authenticate itself with the proxy.

408 Request Timeout

The server timed out waiting for the request. According to HTTP specifications: «The client did not produce a request within the time that the server was prepared to wait. The client MAY repeat the request without modifications at any later time.»

409 Conflict

Indicates that the request could not be processed because of conflict in the current state of the resource, such as an edit conflict between multiple simultaneous updates.

410 Gone

Indicates that the resource requested was previously in use but is no longer available and will not be available again. This should be used when a resource has been intentionally removed and the resource should be purged. Upon receiving a 410 status code, the client should not request the resource in the future. Clients such as search engines should remove the resource from their indices. Most use cases do not require clients and search engines to purge the resource, and a «404 Not Found» may be used instead.

411 Length Required

The request did not specify the length of its content, which is required by the requested resource.

412 Precondition Failed

The server does not meet one of the preconditions that the requester put on the request header fields.

413 Payload Too Large

The request is larger than the server is willing or able to process. Previously called «Request Entity Too Large» in RFC 2616.^[19]

414 URI Too Long

The URI provided was too long for the server to process. Often the result of too much data being encoded as a query-string of a GET request, in which case it should be converted to a POST request. Called «Request-URI Too Long» previously in RFC 2616.^[20]

415 Unsupported Media Type

The request entity has a media type which the server or resource does not support. For example, the client uploads an image as image/svg+xml, but the server requires that images use a different format.

416 Range Not Satisfiable

The client has asked for a portion of the file (byte serving), but the server cannot supply that portion. For example, if the client asked for a part of the file that lies beyond the end of the file. Called «Requested Range Not Satisfiable» previously RFC 2616.^[21]

417 Expectation Failed

The server cannot meet the requirements of the Expect request-header field.^[22]

418 I’m a teapot (RFC 2324, RFC 7168)

This code was defined in 1998 as one of the traditional IETF April Fools’ jokes, in RFC 2324, Hyper Text Coffee Pot Control Protocol, and is not expected to be implemented by actual HTTP servers. The RFC specifies this code should be returned by teapots requested to brew coffee.^[23] This HTTP status is used as an Easter egg in some websites, such as Google.com’s «I’m a teapot» easter egg.^[24][25][26] Sometimes, this status code is also used as a response to a blocked request, instead of the more appropriate 403 Forbidden.^[27][28]

421 Misdirected Request

The request was directed at a server that is not able to produce a response (for example because of connection reuse).

422 Unprocessable Entity

The request was well-formed but was unable to be followed due to semantic errors.^[9]

423 Locked (WebDAV; RFC 4918)

The resource that is being accessed is locked.^[9]

424 Failed Dependency (WebDAV; RFC 4918)

The request failed because it depended on another request and that request failed (e.g., a PROPPATCH).^[9]

425 Too Early (RFC 8470)

Indicates that the server is unwilling to risk processing a request that might be replayed.

426 Upgrade Required

The client should switch to a different protocol such as TLS/1.3, given in the Upgrade header field.

428 Precondition Required (RFC 6585)

The origin server requires the request to be conditional. Intended to prevent the ‘lost update’ problem, where a client GETs a resource’s state, modifies it, and PUTs it back to the server, when meanwhile a third party has modified the state on the server, leading to a conflict.^[29]

429 Too Many Requests (RFC 6585)

The user has sent too many requests in a given amount of time. Intended for use with rate-limiting schemes.^[29]

431 Request Header Fields Too Large (RFC 6585)

The server is unwilling to process the request because either an individual header field, or all the header fields collectively, are too large.^[29]

451 Unavailable For Legal Reasons (RFC 7725)

A server operator has received a legal demand to deny access to a resource or to a set of resources that includes the requested resource.^[30] The code 451 was chosen as a reference to the novel Fahrenheit 451 (see the Acknowledgements in the RFC).

5xx server errors

The server failed to fulfil a request.

Response status codes beginning with the digit «5» indicate cases in which the server is aware that it has encountered an error or is otherwise incapable of performing the request. Except when responding to a HEAD request, the server should include an entity containing an explanation of the error situation, and indicate whether it is a temporary or permanent condition. Likewise, user agents should display any included entity to the user. These response codes are applicable to any request method.

500 Internal Server Error

A generic error message, given when an unexpected condition was encountered and no more specific message is suitable.

501 Not Implemented

The server either does not recognize the request method, or it lacks the ability to fulfil the request. Usually this implies future availability (e.g., a new feature of a web-service API).

502 Bad Gateway

The server was acting as a gateway or proxy and received an invalid response from the upstream server.

503 Service Unavailable

The server cannot handle the request (because it is overloaded or down for maintenance). Generally, this is a temporary state.^[31]

504 Gateway Timeout

The server was acting as a gateway or proxy and did not receive a timely response from the upstream server.

505 HTTP Version Not Supported

The server does not support the HTTP version used in the request.

506 Variant Also Negotiates (RFC 2295)

Transparent content negotiation for the request results in a circular reference.^[32]

507 Insufficient Storage (WebDAV; RFC 4918)

The server is unable to store the representation needed to complete the request.^[9]

508 Loop Detected (WebDAV; RFC 5842)

The server detected an infinite loop while processing the request (sent instead of 208 Already Reported).

510 Not Extended (RFC 2774)

Further extensions to the request are required for the server to fulfil it.^[33]

511 Network Authentication Required (RFC 6585)

The client needs to authenticate to gain network access. Intended for use by intercepting proxies used to control access to the network (e.g., «captive portals» used to require agreement to Terms of Service before granting full Internet access via a Wi-Fi hotspot).^[29]

Unofficial codes

The following codes are not specified by any standard.

419 Page Expired (Laravel Framework)

Used by the Laravel Framework when a CSRF Token is missing or expired.

420 Method Failure (Spring Framework)

A deprecated response used by the Spring Framework when a method has failed.^[34]

420 Enhance Your Calm (Twitter)

Returned by version 1 of the Twitter Search and Trends API when the client is being rate limited; versions 1.1 and later use the 429 Too Many Requests response code instead.^[35] The phrase «Enhance your calm» comes from the 1993 movie Demolition Man, and its association with this number is likely a reference to cannabis.^{[citation needed]}

430 Request Header Fields Too Large (Shopify)

Used by Shopify, instead of the 429 Too Many Requests response code, when too many URLs are requested within a certain time frame.^[36]

450 Blocked by Windows Parental Controls (Microsoft)

The Microsoft extension code indicated when Windows Parental Controls are turned on and are blocking access to the requested webpage.^[37]

498 Invalid Token (Esri)

Returned by ArcGIS for Server. Code 498 indicates an expired or otherwise invalid token.^[38]

499 Token Required (Esri)

Returned by ArcGIS for Server. Code 499 indicates that a token is required but was not submitted.^[38]

509 Bandwidth Limit Exceeded (Apache Web Server/cPanel)

The server has exceeded the bandwidth specified by the server administrator; this is often used by shared hosting providers to limit the bandwidth of customers.^[39]

529 Site is overloaded

Used by Qualys in the SSLLabs server testing API to signal that the site can’t process the request.^[40]

530 Site is frozen

Used by the Pantheon Systems web platform to indicate a site that has been frozen due to inactivity.^[41]

598 (Informal convention) Network read timeout error

Used by some HTTP proxies to signal a network read timeout behind the proxy to a client in front of the proxy.^[42]

599 Network Connect Timeout Error

An error used by some HTTP proxies to signal a network connect timeout behind the proxy to a client in front of the proxy.

Internet Information Services

Microsoft’s Internet Information Services (IIS) web server expands the 4xx error space to signal errors with the client’s request.

440 Login Time-out

The client’s session has expired and must log in again.^[43]

449 Retry With

The server cannot honour the request because the user has not provided the required information.^[44]

451 Redirect

Used in Exchange ActiveSync when either a more efficient server is available or the server cannot access the users’ mailbox.^[45] The client is expected to re-run the HTTP AutoDiscover operation to find a more appropriate server.^[46]

IIS sometimes uses additional decimal sub-codes for more specific information,^[47] however these sub-codes only appear in the response payload and in documentation, not in the place of an actual HTTP status code.

nginx

The nginx web server software expands the 4xx error space to signal issues with the client’s request.^[48][49]

444 No Response

Used internally^[50] to instruct the server to return no information to the client and close the connection immediately.

494 Request header too large

Client sent too large request or too long header line.

495 SSL Certificate Error

An expansion of the 400 Bad Request response code, used when the client has provided an invalid client certificate.

496 SSL Certificate Required

An expansion of the 400 Bad Request response code, used when a client certificate is required but not provided.

497 HTTP Request Sent to HTTPS Port

An expansion of the 400 Bad Request response code, used when the client has made a HTTP request to a port listening for HTTPS requests.

499 Client Closed Request

Used when the client has closed the request before the server could send a response.

Cloudflare

Cloudflare’s reverse proxy service expands the 5xx series of errors space to signal issues with the origin server.^[51]

520 Web Server Returned an Unknown Error

The origin server returned an empty, unknown, or unexpected response to Cloudflare.^[52]

521 Web Server Is Down

The origin server refused connections from Cloudflare. Security solutions at the origin may be blocking legitimate connections from certain Cloudflare IP addresses.

522 Connection Timed Out

Cloudflare timed out contacting the origin server.

523 Origin Is Unreachable

Cloudflare could not reach the origin server; for example, if the DNS records for the origin server are incorrect or missing.

524 A Timeout Occurred

Cloudflare was able to complete a TCP connection to the origin server, but did not receive a timely HTTP response.

525 SSL Handshake Failed

Cloudflare could not negotiate a SSL/TLS handshake with the origin server.

526 Invalid SSL Certificate

Cloudflare could not validate the SSL certificate on the origin web server. Also used by Cloud Foundry’s gorouter.

527 Railgun Error

Error 527 indicates an interrupted connection between Cloudflare and the origin server’s Railgun server.^[53]

530

Error 530 is returned along with a 1xxx error.^[54]

AWS Elastic Load Balancer

Amazon’s Elastic Load Balancing adds a few custom return codes

460

Client closed the connection with the load balancer before the idle timeout period elapsed. Typically when client timeout is sooner than the Elastic Load Balancer’s timeout.^[55]

463

The load balancer received an X-Forwarded-For request header with more than 30 IP addresses.^[55]

464

Incompatible protocol versions between Client and Origin server.^[55]

561 Unauthorized

An error around authentication returned by a server registered with a load balancer. You configured a listener rule to authenticate users, but the identity provider (IdP) returned an error code when authenticating the user.^[55]

Caching warning codes (obsoleted)

The following caching related warning codes were specified under RFC 7234. Unlike the other status codes above, these were not sent as the response status in the HTTP protocol, but as part of the «Warning» HTTP header.^[56][57]

Since this «Warning» header is often neither sent by servers nor acknowledged by clients, this header and its codes were obsoleted by the HTTP Working Group in 2022 with RFC 9111.^[58]

110 Response is Stale

The response provided by a cache is stale (the content’s age exceeds a maximum age set by a Cache-Control header or heuristically chosen lifetime).

111 Revalidation Failed

The cache was unable to validate the response, due to an inability to reach the origin server.

112 Disconnected Operation

The cache is intentionally disconnected from the rest of the network.

113 Heuristic Expiration

The cache heuristically chose a freshness lifetime greater than 24 hours and the response’s age is greater than 24 hours.

199 Miscellaneous Warning

Arbitrary, non-specific warning. The warning text may be logged or presented to the user.

214 Transformation Applied

Added by a proxy if it applies any transformation to the representation, such as changing the content encoding, media type or the like.

299 Miscellaneous Persistent Warning

Same as 199, but indicating a persistent warning.

See also

• Custom error pages
• List of FTP server return codes
• List of HTTP header fields
• List of SMTP server return codes
• Common Log Format

Explanatory notes

References

External links

• «RFC 9110: HTTP Semantics and Content, Section 15 «Status Codes»«.
• Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) Status Code Registry at the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority
• HTTP status codes at http-statuscode.com
• MDN status code reference at mozilla.org

Умные люди придумали коды, по которым можно определить, что произошло с HTTP-запросом. Успешен ли он, произошло ли перенаправление. Или же все закончилось ошибкой. Как раз об ошибках и будем говорить в этой статье. Вкратце расскажу, какие они бывают и с чем связаны. 

А еще тут будет парочка забавных (и не очень) пикч и анимаций на тему описанных ошибок. Хоть какое-то развлечение.

Ошибки со стороны клиента (4xx)

Для начала перечислим коды ошибок на стороне клиента. Вина за их появление ложится на плечи обоих участников соединения.

400 Bad Request

Такой ответ от браузера можно получить в том случае, если сервер не смог правильно отреагировать на запрос со стороны пользователя. Часто код 400 возникает при попытке клиента получить доступ к серверу без соблюдения правил оформления синтаксиса протокола передачи гипертекста (HTTP). Повторный запрос не стоит отправлять до тех пор, пока не будет исправлена ошибка (или несколько из них). 

401 Unauthorized

Код 401 возникает при попытке клиента получить доступ к серверу, используя неправильные данные для авторизации. По сути, используется, когда пользователь вводит неправильный логин и пароль на ресурсе, где требуется эта информация для входа. Читайте: Как исправить ошибку 401

402 Payment Required

Эта ошибка сообщает клиенту о том, что для успешного выполнения запроса ему необходимо оплатить доступ к серверу. Изначально код 402 должен был стать неким стандартом для цифровой валюты и оплаты контента в сети. Но не срослось. До сих пор нет единого решения по поводу того, как должны выглядеть платежи в сети. Также нет и единого решения по поводу того, как стоит использовать 402. 

Все еще считается, что код существует с расчетом на будущее. Сейчас почти не используется и поддерживается не всеми браузерами.

403 Forbidden

Почти то же, что и 401. Сервер снова не разрешает к нему подключиться, хотя с запросом все в порядке. Просто нет доступа. Причем повторная авторизация с другими логином и паролем никак не помогут. Все вопросы к владельцам сервера (но не всегда). Инструкция по устранению ошибки. 

Творчество на тему знаменитой киносаги

404 Not Found

Легендарная ошибка, ставшая популярным мемом. 404 оповещает клиента о том, что его запрос ведет в никуда. Код возникает, когда пользователь пытается попасть на страницу, которой не существует. Например, когда случайно ошибается при вводе ссылки и вводит ее с опечаткой. Или же пытается получить доступ к странице, которой на сайте уже нет. 

В отличие от других кодов, страницу с 404 частенько кастомизируют, создавая для нее уникальный дизайн. Мало того, что это выглядит симпатичнее, так еще и полезнее для посетителей. Можно прямо на странице с ошибкой разъяснить, что произошло и как дальше действовать.

И таких вариаций тысячи. Каждый пытается добавить в оформление что-то свое.

405 Method Not Allowed

405 сообщает клиенту о том, что метод, используемый при запросе, не разрешен. В качестве примера можно привести попытку со стороны клиента ввести данные в форму с помощью GET, когда она работает только с POST. Ну и в таком же духе. 

406 Not Acceptable

Ошибка 406 сообщает о том, что страница передает контент, который не может быть распознан клиентом. Возможно, проблема в методе сжатия или в формате страницы. Иногда сюда же приплетают неправильные настройки кодировки.

Этот код редко используют на практике, так как его появления можно избежать, предоставив пользователю информацию на сайте в том виде, который его браузер способен принять. Посетитель сайта по итогу получит не то, что ожидал, но хотя бы не ошибку.

407 Proxy Authentication Required

Этот код тоже похож на 401. Только на этот раз логин и пароль нужны не для основного сервера, а для прокси, который находится между клиентом и сервером. Обычно в теле ошибки содержится информация о том, как можно правильно пройти авторизацию и получить доступ к ресурсу.

408 Request Timeout

408 говорит нам о том, что сервер пожелал разорвать соединение с клиентом, потому что оно никак не используется. Происходит это в том случае, если сервер буквально устал ждать, пока наладится соединение с ним. Поэтому такую ошибку часто можно лицезреть после очень долгой и безуспешной загрузки какого-нибудь сайта. 

Многие серверы не отправляют никаких сообщений, а просто прерывают соединение по той же причине. На запрос уходит больше времени, чем на то полагается.

В Мистере Роботе частенько называли серии в честь ошибок HTTP (весь четвертый сезон в нумерации 4хх). В честь 408, например, назвали восьмую серию четвертого сезона

409 Conflict

Сообщение о конфликте возникает, когда запрос со стороны клиента не соответствует тому, чего ожидает сервер. В качестве примера приводят проблемы при проверки версий, когда пользователь пытается с помощью метода PUT загрузить на сервер новый файл, но там уже имеется более новая версия того же файла. Конфликта версий можно легко избежать, загрузив корректную версию.

410 Gone

Своего рода аналог 404. Разница лишь в том, что 410 намекает на перманентность отсутствия страницы. Так что этот код стоит использовать, когда на 100% уверен, что страница ушла в небытие (ну или с текущего адреса) навсегда. В любом другом случае есть универсальный 404. 

411 Length Required

411 оповещает пользователя о том, что сервер не желает принимать запрос со стороны клиента, потому что в нем не определен заголовок Content-Length. Да, это первый код в подборке, который смогут понять только люди, сведущие в настройке серверов. По-простому уложить сущность HTML-заголовков в этот материал не получится.

412 Precondition Failed

Еще один код, сообщающий о том, что сервер отклонил запрос пользователя и не разрешает доступ к выбранному ресурсу. Проблемы возникают при неправильной настройке работы методов, отличающихся от GET и HEAD. 

413 Payload Too Large/Request Entity Too Large

Код 413 говорит нам, что запрос, который посылает клиент на сервер, слишком большой. Поэтому сервер отказывается его обрабатывать и разрывает соединение. Обычно это происходит при попытке загрузить на ресурс какой-то файл, превышающий ограничение, выставленное в настройках сервера. Соответственно, решается проблема изменением настроек сервера. 

414 URI Too Long

Чем-то этот код похож на предыдущий. Здесь тоже идет речь о превышение лимита. Только теперь это касается не запроса со стороны клиента, а длины URI. То есть ссылки. Выходит, что адрес, используемый клиентом, больше, чем тот, что может обработать сервер. Как-то так. 

Такая ошибка иногда выскакивает при попытке взломать ресурс. Сайт так реагирует на слишком частые попытки воспользоваться потенциальными дырами в безопасности.

415 Unsupported Media Type

Ошибка 415 возникает, когда клиент пытается загрузить на сервер данные в неподходящем формате. В таком случае сервер просто отказывается принимать посылаемые файлы и разрывает соединение. Как и в случае с 413. 

416 Range Not Satisfiable

Подобный ответ можно ожидать, если клиент запрашивает у сервера определенные данные, но эти данные на сервере не соответствуют запросу. То есть, грубо говоря, вы просите у сервера какой-то набор данных с заранее заданным размером, а в итоге оказывается, что размер этих данных меньше, чем объем, указанный в запросе. Серверу ничего не остается, кроме как послать вас, ведь он не обучен поведению в таких ситуациях.

417 Expectation Failed

Такая ошибка высвечивается, когда ожидания сервера не совпадают с данными в запросе клиента. Сведения об ожиданиях прописываются в заголовке Expect заранее. Так что можно ознакомиться с ними, чтобы выяснить, как решить названную проблему.

418 I’m a teapot

Код 418 можно увидеть, если сервер откажется варить кофе, потому что он чайник. Это первоапрельская шутка. Естественно, 418 не используется нигде всерьез и просто существует как дань памяти программистам-юмористам, придумавшим это в 1998 году.

У Google получился такой симпатичный чайник

421 Misdirected Request

Появляется когда запрос клиента переправляется на сервер, который не может дать на него адекватный ответ. Например, если запрос был отправлен на ресурс, который вообще не настроен обрабатывать запросы извне. 

Чтобы исправить проблему, можно попробовать переподключиться к ресурсу заново или попробовать другое соединение.

422 Unprocessable Entity

Код 422 говорит, что сервер вроде бы принял запрос, понял его, все хорошо, но из-за семантических ошибок корректно обработать не смог. Значит, где-то в запросе затаилась логическая ошибка, мешающая корректному взаимодействию клиента и сервера. Надо ее найти и исправить.

423 Locked

Обычно на этот код напарываются, когда запрашиваемый ресурс оказывается под защитой. Используемые клиентом методы блокируются на уровне сервера. Это делается, чтобы обезопасить данные, хранящиеся на защищенной странице. Без логина и пароля выудить информацию с такого сервера не получится.

424 Failed Dependency

424 сообщает о том, что для выполнения запроса со стороны клиента успешно должна завершиться еще одна или несколько параллельных операций. Если какая-то из них «провалится», то «помрет» все соединение сразу, и обработать запрос до конца не получится. Аналогичное происходит, если некорректно был обработан один из предыдущих запросов.

425 Too Early

Появляется в ответ на запрос, который может быть моментально запущен заново. Сервер не рискует и не берется за его обработку, чтобы не подставиться под так называемую «атаку повторного воспроизведения».

426 Upgrade Required

Тут нам прямо сообщают, что сервер не желает с нами общаться, пока мы не перейдем на более современный протокол. Наткнуться на такую ошибку очень тяжело, но в случае появления, скорее всего, будет достаточно установить браузер посвежее.

428 Precondition Required

428 выскакивает, если пользователь отправляет запрос на сервер, но получает некорректные или неактуальные данные. Так ресурс оповещает о необходимости внести в запрос информацию о предварительных условиях обработки данных. Только так он сможет гарантировать получение клиентом нужной информации.

429 Too Many Requests

Здесь все просто. Ошибка появляется, когда клиент отправляет на сервер слишком много запросов в короткий промежуток времени. Очень похоже на поведение взломщиков. По этой причине запрос моментально блокируется. 

431 Request Header Fields Too Large

Из названия понятно, что ошибка с кодом 431 появляется из-за того, что в запросе клиента используются слишком длинные заголовки (неважно, один или несколько из них). Исправляется это с помощью сокращения заголовков и повторной отправки запроса. В теле ошибки обычно отображается краткая информация о том, как пользователь может решить эту проблему самостоятельно.

444 No Response

Этот код вам вряд ли удастся увидеть. Он отображается в лог-файлах, чтобы подтвердить, что сервер никак не отреагировал на запрос пользователя и прервал соединение. 

449 Retry With

Код используется в расширениях компании Microsoft. Он сигнализирует о том, что запрос от клиента не может быть принят сервером. Причиной становятся неверно указанные параметры. Сама 449 ошибка говорит о необходимости скорректировать запрос и повторить его снова, подготовив к работе с сервером.

450 Blocked by Windows Parental Controls

450 код увидят дети, попавшие под действие системы «Родительский контроль» компании Microsoft. По сути, ошибка говорит о том, что с компьютера попытались зайти на заблокированный ресурс. Избежать этой ошибки можно изменением параметров родительского контроля.

451 Unavailable For Legal Reasons

Этот код сообщает клиенту, что он не может попасть на запрашиваемый ресурс из юридических соображений. Скорее всего, доступ был заблокирован из-за каких-нибудь государственных санкций, нового законодательства или цензуры со стороны властей. В общем, все вопросы к государству и провайдеру связи.

Список ошибок на стороне сервера (5xx)

Теперь поговорим об ошибках, которые возникают где-то на сервере. Все они связаны с запросами, которые не удается обработать на том конце. Пользователь зачастую в их появлении не виноват.

500 Internal Server Error

Этот код возникает, когда сервер сталкивается с непредвиденными обстоятельствами. Такими, которые и сам не может пояснить. Как, собственно, и завершить запрос со стороны пользователя. По факту, эта ошибка говорит нам что-то вроде «Я не могу подобрать более подходящий код ошибки, поэтому лови 500 и делай с этим, что хочешь». Мы писали о нем чуть подробнее тут.

Дело не в тебе, дело во мне (С)

501 Not Implemented

501 говорит нам, что функциональность, необходимая для обработки запроса со стороны клиента, попросту не реализована на сервере. Он не сможет корректно обработать используемый метод. 

Иногда в теле ошибки еще пишут что-то в духе «Приходите попозже, возможно, в будущем нужная функция появится».

502 Bad Getaway

Можно встретить в том случае, если запрашиваемый сервер выступает в роли шлюза или прокси. Возникает из-за несогласования протоколов между вышестоящим серверов и его шлюзом. Рассказываем о том, как ее исправить, в этой статье. 

503 Service Unavailable

Появляется, когда сервер не может обработать запрос клиента по одной из двух технических причин:

1. Слишком много пользователей в текущий момент пытаются отправить запросы, и у сервера не остается ресурсов, чтобы ответить кому-либо еще.
2. На сервере ведутся технические работы, временно блокирующие его работу.

Обычно ошибка 503 носит временный характер, и для ее решения достаточно немного подождать. 

504 Gateway Timeout

Ошибка похожа на 408. Здесь же прокси-сервер пытается выйти на контакт с вышестоящим сервером, но не успевает это сделать до истечения тайм-аута. Отсюда и ошибка.

505 HTTP Version Not Supported

Этот код похож на 426. Он тоже связан с неподходящей версией протокола HTTP. В этом случае нужно обеспечить и клиента, и сервер единой версией. Она, как правило, указывается в запросе со стороны пользователя. 

506 Variant Also Negotiates

Обычно с такой ошибкой сталкиваются только в том случае, если сервер изначально настроен неправильно. То есть это не сиюминутная проблема, а что-то серьезное на уровне базовой конфигурации. Тут придется потрудиться разработчикам. Выявить проблему и разрешить ее.

507 Insufficient Storage

Код 507 встречается в тех ситуациях, когда серверу не хватает пространства в хранилище для обработки запроса со стороны клиента. Проблема решается освобождением места или расширением доступного пространства. Тогда сервер сможет без проблем обработать запрос пользователя.

508 Loop Detected

Таким кодом сервер отзовется в случае, если заметит бесконечный цикл в запросе клиента. Можно расценивать его как провал запроса и выполняемой операции в целом.

509 Bandwidth Limit Exceeded

Возникает, если сервер начинает потреблять больше трафика, чем ему позволено. 

510 Not Extended

Появляется, если клиент посылает запрос на использование какого-либо расширения, отсутствующего на сервере. Чтобы исправить проблему, надо убрать декларирование неподдерживаемого расширения из запроса или добавить поддержку на сервер.

511 Network Authentication Required

511 код говорит о том, что перед тем как выйти в сеть, надо авторизоваться (ввести логин и пароль). Можно воспринимать это неким PPPoE подключением, когда от клиента требуются данные для авторизации.

Заключение

Закончили. Это все ошибки, которыми отзывается HTTP, если на стороне сервера или клиента что-то пошло не так. Наткнуться на большую их часть довольно тяжело. Особенно, если вы раньше только серфили в интернете, а не занимались разработкой сайтов. А тем, кто входит в эту стезю, полезно знать основные ошибки, так как, скорее всего, придется не раз их исправлять. 

REST APIs use the Status-Line part of an HTTP response message to inform clients of their request’s overarching result. RFC 2616 defines the Status-Line syntax as shown below:

Status-Line = HTTP-Version SP Status-Code SP Reason-Phrase CRLF

HTTP defines these standard status codes that can be used to convey the results of a client’s request. The status codes are divided into five categories.

• 1xx: Informational – Communicates transfer protocol-level information.
• 2xx: Success – Indicates that the client’s request was accepted successfully.
• 3xx: Redirection – Indicates that the client must take some additional action in order to complete their request.
• 4xx: Client Error – This category of error status codes points the finger at clients.
• 5xx: Server Error – The server takes responsibility for these error status codes.

1xx Status Codes [Informational]

2xx Status Codes [Success]

3xx Status Codes [Redirection]

4xx Status Codes (Client Error)

5xx Status Codes (Server Error)

6. REST Specific HTTP Status Codes

200 (OK)

It indicates that the REST API successfully carried out whatever action the client requested and that no more specific code in the 2xx series is appropriate.

Unlike the 204 status code, a 200 response should include a response body. The information returned with the response is dependent on the method used in the request, for example:

• GET an entity corresponding to the requested resource is sent in the response;
• HEAD the entity-header fields corresponding to the requested resource are sent in the response without any message-body;
• POST an entity describing or containing the result of the action;
• TRACE an entity containing the request message as received by the end server.

201 (Created)

A REST API responds with the 201 status code whenever a resource is created inside a collection. There may also be times when a new resource is created as a result of some controller action, in which case 201 would also be an appropriate response.

The newly created resource can be referenced by the URI(s) returned in the entity of the response, with the most specific URI for the resource given by a Location header field.

The origin server MUST create the resource before returning the 201 status code. If the action cannot be carried out immediately, the server SHOULD respond with a 202 (Accepted) response instead.

202 (Accepted)

A 202 response is typically used for actions that take a long while to process. It indicates that the request has been accepted for processing, but the processing has not been completed. The request might or might not be eventually acted upon, or even maybe disallowed when processing occurs.

Its purpose is to allow a server to accept a request for some other process (perhaps a batch-oriented process that is only run once per day) without requiring that the user agent’s connection to the server persist until the process is completed.

The entity returned with this response SHOULD include an indication of the request’s current status and either a pointer to a status monitor (job queue location) or some estimate of when the user can expect the request to be fulfilled.

204 (No Content)

The 204 status code is usually sent out in response to a PUT, POST, or DELETE request when the REST API declines to send back any status message or representation in the response message’s body.

An API may also send 204 in conjunction with a GET request to indicate that the requested resource exists, but has no state representation to include in the body.

If the client is a user agent, it SHOULD NOT change its document view from that which caused the request to be sent. This response is primarily intended to allow input for actions to take place without causing a change to the user agent’s active document view. However, any new or updated metainformation SHOULD be applied to the document currently in the user agent’s dynamic view.

The 204 response MUST NOT include a message-body and thus is always terminated by the first empty line after the header fields.

301 (Moved Permanently)

The 301 status code indicates that the REST API’s resource model has been significantly redesigned, and a new permanent URI has been assigned to the client’s requested resource. The REST API should specify the new URI in the response’s Location header, and all future requests should be directed to the given URI.

You will hardly use this response code in your API as you can always use the API versioning for the new API while retaining the old one.

302 (Found)

The HTTP response status code 302 Found is a common way of performing URL redirection. An HTTP response with this status code will additionally provide a URL in the Location header field. The user agent (e.g., a web browser) is invited by a response with this code to make a second. Otherwise identical, request to the new URL specified in the location field.

Many web browsers implemented this code in a manner that violated this standard, changing the request type of the new request to GET, regardless of the type employed in the original request (e.g., POST). RFC 1945 and RFC 2068 specify that the client is not allowed to change the method on the redirected request. The status codes 303 and 307 have been added for servers that wish to make unambiguously clear which kind of reaction is expected of the client.

303 (See Other)

A 303 response indicates that a controller resource has finished its work, but instead of sending a potentially unwanted response body, it sends the client the URI of a response resource. The response can be the URI of the temporary status message, or the URI to some already existing, more permanent, resource.

Generally speaking, the 303 status code allows a REST API to send a reference to a resource without forcing the client to download its state. Instead, the client may send a GET request to the value of the Location header.

The 303 response MUST NOT be cached, but the response to the second (redirected) request might be cacheable.

304 (Not Modified)

This status code is similar to 204 (“No Content”) in that the response body must be empty. The critical distinction is that 204 is used when there is nothing to send in the body, whereas 304 is used when the resource has not been modified since the version specified by the request headers If-Modified-Since or If-None-Match.

In such a case, there is no need to retransmit the resource since the client still has a previously-downloaded copy.

Using this saves bandwidth and reprocessing on both the server and client, as only the header data must be sent and received in comparison to the entirety of the page being re-processed by the server, then sent again using more bandwidth of the server and client.

307 (Temporary Redirect)

A 307 response indicates that the REST API is not going to process the client’s request. Instead, the client should resubmit the request to the URI specified by the response message’s Location header. However, future requests should still use the original URI.

A REST API can use this status code to assign a temporary URI to the client’s requested resource. For example, a 307 response can be used to shift a client request over to another host.

The temporary URI SHOULD be given by the Location field in the response. Unless the request method was HEAD, the entity of the response SHOULD contain a short hypertext note with a hyperlink to the new URI(s). If the 307 status code is received in response to a request other than GET or HEAD, the user agent MUST NOT automatically redirect the request unless it can be confirmed by the user, since this might change the conditions under which the request was issued.

400 (Bad Request)

400 is the generic client-side error status, used when no other 4xx error code is appropriate. Errors can be like malformed request syntax, invalid request message parameters, or deceptive request routing etc.

The client SHOULD NOT repeat the request without modifications.

401 (Unauthorized)

A 401 error response indicates that the client tried to operate on a protected resource without providing the proper authorization. It may have provided the wrong credentials or none at all. The response must include a WWW-Authenticate header field containing a challenge applicable to the requested resource.

The client MAY repeat the request with a suitable Authorization header field. If the request already included Authorization credentials, then the 401 response indicates that authorization has been refused for those credentials. If the 401 response contains the same challenge as the prior response, and the user agent has already attempted authentication at least once, then the user SHOULD be presented the entity that was given in the response, since that entity might include relevant diagnostic information.

403 (Forbidden)

A 403 error response indicates that the client’s request is formed correctly, but the REST API refuses to honor it, i.e., the user does not have the necessary permissions for the resource. A 403 response is not a case of insufficient client credentials; that would be 401 (“Unauthorized”).

Authentication will not help, and the request SHOULD NOT be repeated. Unlike a 401 Unauthorized response, authenticating will make no difference.

404 (Not Found)

The 404 error status code indicates that the REST API can’t map the client’s URI to a resource but may be available in the future. Subsequent requests by the client are permissible.

No indication is given of whether the condition is temporary or permanent. The 410 (Gone) status code SHOULD be used if the server knows, through some internally configurable mechanism, that an old resource is permanently unavailable and has no forwarding address. This status code is commonly used when the server does not wish to reveal exactly why the request has been refused, or when no other response is applicable.

405 (Method Not Allowed)

The API responds with a 405 error to indicate that the client tried to use an HTTP method that the resource does not allow. For instance, a read-only resource could support only GET and HEAD, while a controller resource might allow GET and POST, but not PUT or DELETE.

A 405 response must include the Allow header, which lists the HTTP methods that the resource supports. For example:

Allow: GET, POST

406 (Not Acceptable)

The 406 error response indicates that the API is not able to generate any of the client’s preferred media types, as indicated by the Accept request header. For example, a client request for data formatted as application/xml will receive a 406 response if the API is only willing to format data as application/json.

If the response could be unacceptable, a user agent SHOULD temporarily stop receipt of more data and query the user for a decision on further actions.

412 (Precondition Failed)

The 412 error response indicates that the client specified one or more preconditions in its request headers, effectively telling the REST API to carry out its request only if certain conditions were met. A 412 response indicates that those conditions were not met, so instead of carrying out the request, the API sends this status code.

415 (Unsupported Media Type)

The 415 error response indicates that the API is not able to process the client’s supplied media type, as indicated by the Content-Type request header. For example, a client request including data formatted as application/xml will receive a 415 response if the API is only willing to process data formatted as application/json.

For example, the client uploads an image as image/svg+xml, but the server requires that images use a different format.

500 (Internal Server Error)

500 is the generic REST API error response. Most web frameworks automatically respond with this response status code whenever they execute some request handler code that raises an exception.

A 500 error is never the client’s fault, and therefore, it is reasonable for the client to retry the same request that triggered this response and hope to get a different response.

The API response is the generic error message, given when an unexpected condition was encountered and no more specific message is suitable.

501 (Not Implemented)

The server either does not recognize the request method, or it cannot fulfill the request. Usually, this implies future availability (e.g., a new feature of a web-service API).

References :

https://www.iana.org/assignments/http-status-codes/http-status-codes.xhtml

The HTTP status code determines whether the request made by the client has been successfully completed or not. The server’s status codes are provided in response to the client’s request to the server. In short, we can say that when the client makes a request, then the HTTP status codes sent by the server allow the clients to know about whether the request was a success, a failure, or something in-between.

Let’s understand the HTTP status code in detail.

When the browser sends a request to the server, the server responds back with an HTTP status code of three digits long.

The status codes are divided into five classes. The first digit of the HTTP status code defines the class out of these five classes while the last two digits do not have any role of categorization. The IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority) is an organization that contains the official registry of HTTP status codes. The following are the five classed defined by the IANA standard:

1. 1xx- informational
2. 2xx- Success
3. 3xx- Redirection
4. 4xx- Client error
5. 5xx- Server error

The 100 blocks are informational requests, 200 blocks are success requests, 300 blocks are for redirects, 400 blocks will be for client errors, and 500 blocks will be server errors.

1xx informational response

The codes which are starting with one will give some information while the connection is still in progress. This class of status code defines that the request has been received, and processing has been started. An informational response is issued to inform the client that the request processing has been started and waits for a final response. The response consists of only the status line and the optional header fields. It is terminated by an empty line.

100 continue

The 100 continue is an informational status response code that indicates till now everything is OK, and the client should continue sending the request body. If the request is finished, then ignore this status code.

A client should send the Expect: 100- continue as a header in an initial request so that the server can check the request’s header, the client will receive the 100 continue HTTP status code in response before sending the request body.

100 switching protocol

The client has requested the server to switch the protocol. The server sends the 100 switching protocol as a response code to inform the client that it is switching to the protocol as requested by the client, which sent the message that includes the upgrade request header. In short, we can say that server responds to the upgrade request header.

102 processing

The 102 processing status code is sent by the server to inform the client that it has accepted the complete request and processing the request, but still, no response is available.

2xx Success

The 2xx class means that the request made by the client was received, understood, and accepted. Or we can say that the 2xx http status code represents that the Http request was successful.

200 OK

Whenever the server sends back the 200 OK status code in response to the request made by the client is accepted and successful. The actual response with 200 OK might be dependent on the HTTP request method. The following methods can be sent in the HTTP request header:

Get method: The Get() method is used when we want something from the server. For example, we requested some resources from the server; then, the requested resource would be sent in the response body.

Head method: The head() method is used only when we are requesting the headers. The entity-header fields of the requested resource sent in the response body without any message.

Post method: If we send the post() method to the server, we are requesting some new resources. An entity describing the result of the action is transmitted in the message body.

201 Created

When the server sends back the 201 created as the response code, which says that the request made by the client to the server to create a new resource was successful. The server returns the information regarding the location of the newly created resource in the header field. In short, we can say that the 201 Created response is used to provide the URI in the location header field of the newly created resource.

202 Accepted

The server sends 202 accepted in response to inform the client that we have accepted the request and will do the request processing later. This response is used when there is heavy computational processing required or request needs to be processed in the near future. For example, a client sends a request to server for a NEFT where NEFT is used to transfer the money from one account to another account in another bank. NEFT request is processed three times a day, i.e., one in the morning, second in the afternoon, and third in the evening. In such cases, a 202 accepted response is sent that says your request for transfer money is accepted, but I will do it later.

203 Non-Authoritative Information

The server uses another response code, i.e., 203 Non-Authoritative Information, which lets the client know that the proxy server is sitting between the client and the server. The proxy may or may not change the header information.

204 No Content

The 204 No Content is used when the client’s request is successful, but the server has nothing to send in the response body. Instead of simply saying 204, the server says 204 that your request is successful. In this response, the message body is empty.

205 Reset Content

Sometimes the client also gets the 205 Reset Content HTTP response, and this response is used in cases when the server wants client viewport to be reset. For example, the client creates a form through which we can create a category, and we submit it, the server sends back the 205 response. This response means that the client needs to reset the input category to blank or to reset the input category for the name of the category that was earlier used.

206 Partial Content

The client can also receive the 206 partial content response, and this response means that the server has fulfilled the partial GET request, not the complete one. The client can use the Range Header field that indicates the desired range, so 206 can navigate to a bigger response. The client can also include the If-Range header field to make the request conditional.

207 Multi-Status

The 207 Multi-Status is a new addition in the response code. For example, the client sends a request to the server; then the server prepares a response. To prepare a response, the server needs to connect with three different machines, i.e., database system, file system, and the cache system. Let’s suppose that the database system is down, and it sends 500; in such cases, the server cannot say that it was successful or not successful, so it sends back 207 responses. The multi-status code is included in a response body as a text/xml or application/xml.

208 Already Reported

The 208 is similar to 207, but it is used only for WebDAV. WebDAV stands for Web Distributed Authoring and Versioning. WebDAV is an extension of Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) that allows clients to perform remote web content authoring operations on the distributed net.

3xx Redirection

The 3xx block is a class used for redirection. It indicates that the client needs to take some additional measures to complete the request. Here Redirection means URL forwarding is a process of providing more one URL to the page. The HTTP provides HTTP redirect response for such kind of operations.

The redirects are mainly divided into three categories:

• Permanent redirects
• Temporary redirects
• Special redirects

Permanent redirections

The permanent redirections are those redirections in which the new URL replaces the existing URL. This means that the original URL is no longer exists and replaced by the new one.

The following are the status codes of the permanent redirections:

301 Moved permanently

The 301 HTTP status code tells the browser that the uri of the resource has been changed permanently to the new uri specified in the ‘Location’ response header. If we make a new request in the browser, then subsequently browser will not make another request to the original link.

For example,

In the above example, when the user manually types the url, i.e., www.example.org/index.php, then the browser will make the call to the www.example.org/index.asp as the server responds with a 301 response code having text Moved Permanently and the new location is www.example.org/index.asp.

The http response status code 301 Moved Permanently is used for permanent URL redirection, which means that the current links are updated. The new URL is provided in the Location field included with a response. The 301 HTTP status code is also used for upgrading the users from HTTP to HTTPS.

RFC 2616 states that if a 301 status code is received in response to other than GET or HEAD, the client must ask the user before redirecting. In other words, we can say that the 301 response status code does not inform the browsers to automatically redirect the POST method request to the GET method request. But some browsers mistakenly redirect the POST method request to the GET method request.

308 Permanent Redirect

The 308 status code came in the HTTP standard in April 2015, as mentioned in the RFC7538 document specification for the 308 status code. The 308 is an HTTP response status code, which is similar to the 301 status code, which means that the requested resource has been replaced by the new uri as specified in the Location header included within the response. The 308 rarely indicates an actual problem, but it mainly occurs due to the changes that occur in the server’s behavior or configuration. No other status codes indicate the permanent redirect. The 308 is the only one that indicates the permanent redirect. It also avoids the automatic redirect from the POST method request to the GET method request.

All modern browsers detect the 308 Permanent Response and perform the redirection automatically. The server sends a 308 HTTP status code that includes the location header as a response where the location header defines the requested resource location. For example, if the client makes the POST request, then the webserver will configure to redirect to the different uri.

Temporary Redirections

The temporary redirection means the requested resource has assigned a new uri temporarily specified in the location header.

The following are the HTTP status codes used for the temporary redirects:

302 Found

The 302 Found informs the browser that the uri of the resource has been changed temporarily. When the client makes a request, the browser redirects it to the new location only. The next time when the request comes, then the browser will call the original uri.

303 See other

The server sends the 303 response code to the client to get the requested resource at another uri with GET request, that’s why the name of this code is see other. The 303 HTTP response code informs the browser to redirect to another page but not to the newly uploaded resources. The response is sent only when the client has made the PUT or POST request. The method that displays the requested page is a GET method.

307 Temporary Redirect

The 307 is similar to 302; the only difference is that it tells the browser that the next request should be made with the same verb as the original. For example, the POST request is made to the original link then it should be redirected to the new link by a POST only.

307 is similar to 302 as both the responses tell the client to temporarily redirect to the different of the requested resource. The only difference between the 307 and 302 is that in 307, the client must use the same request again. For example, if the client issues the POST request as an original request, then the client should follow the same POST request in the next request.

Special Redirections

The special redirections include the following HTTP status codes:

300 Multiple choices

When the server sends 300 multiple choices, HTTP response indicating that the request has multiple responses. The browser can choose either of them. There is no standard way of choosing among these multiple responses.

304 Not Modified

The server generates the 304 Not Modified response only when the file is not changed since it was last accessed. This response basically increases the speed of the user’s browsing experience. If the page that the user is accessing is not modified, then the client will show the cached data which is stored locally to the user, so that the client does not make the request to the webserver for the file. The 304 response is sent in response to the client’s conditional validation request to indicate that the client’s copy is available in a cache.

When the client makes a Conditional Validation request, then the client sends the Last-Modified date of its copy with the help of If-Modified-Since header and the cached copy’s ETag identifier with the help of If-None-match identifier. The server checks these headers to find whether the latest file is available in the cache or not. If it is the latest, then the server sends back the 304 HTTP response. In this case, the client can use the file from the cache instead sending the request to the server for the file. If the server finds an outdated file in a cache, it then sends back the 200 OK response and a new response body.

4xx Client error

The server sends the 4xx HTTP response status codes to the client when some errors occur in the request made by the client. This response indicates that the browser has sent a wrong request with an error that cannot be processed by the server. To get the proper response, the client needs to send the correct request again.

The following are the status codes used in 4xx:

400 Invalid Request

If the webserver is not able to serve the requested resource because of the wrong syntax, then the server sends back the 400 HTTP invalid request in response.

401 Unauthorized Request

When some webpage requires authentication, and the user tries to access the authenticated resource, then the server sends the 401 Unauthorized Request in response. For example, the webpage is authenticated by the user id and password.

402 Payment Required

The 402 payment required HTTP response indicates that the client is required to make an online payment to process the request. This response status code is not a standard client error and reserved for future use.

403 Forbidden

The server sends the 403 Forbidden HTTP response when the client sends the correct request, but the server cannot serve it. The 403 is different from 402 as in 402, the user should be authorized to access the web page, whereas, in 403, there is no role of authentication. For example, 403 is sent when some authorized user tries to access the restricted page.

404 Not Found

The server sends the 404 Not Found error when the requested resource is not available on the server. The reason behind this error could be that the site owner has removed the URL, or the user has mistyped the URL.

405 Method not allowed

The 405 Method not allowed response code is received when the server knows the request method, but the requested resource does not support it. In this case, the server generates the ALLOW header field that contains all the supported methods by the target resource.

406 Not Acceptable Request

The 406 Not Acceptable Request HTTP response is generated when the client makes a request in a different format. The reason could be the different language or encoding method used in a request.

5xx status codes

The error codes that come under the 5xx range are sent to the client when some problems occur with a server. When the client makes a request for some website, the browser sends a request to the website’s server, and if the website’s server is not able to serve the request, then the 5xx error code is sent to the client. These errors mainly when the server is facing some problem or unable to perform a request.

The 5xx error messages represent the server-side error messages in which the website’s server is unsuccessful in performing a request. The server-side error does not mean that problem is coming on a website, computer, or an internet connection.

There are various 5xx status codes available so that the specific problem can be identified:

500 internet server error

The 500 internet server error status code occurs when the server cannot determine the problem then stops responding to the request. This error can occur due to the incorrect server’s configuration. To correct this error, the website owner needs to check the server’s configuration and contact the web hosting company to fix it.

501 not implemented

The 501 Not implemented HTTP error response code indicates that the server cannot serve the requested resource as the method mentioned in the request is not supported.

This error status code also sends the Retry-After header that tells the client when to recheck the functionality. The methods that the server support are GET and HEAD. If the server recognizes the method specified in the request, but it will not support it. In this case, 405 Not Allowed response is sent to the client.

502 Bad Gateway

The 502 Bad Gateway response code means that the proxy server does not get the origin or upstream server’s response. If the edge server receives a 502 Bad Gateway from the origin server, then it sends back the 500 Origin Not Reachable response to the client.

503 Service Unavailable

The 503 Service Unavailable response status code is sent when other requests overload the server, or the server is under maintenance. The difference between the 500 and 503 is that in 500, something goes wrong in the server that prevents it from handling the requests, whereas, in 503, the server is working fine and it is also able to serve the request but has opted to send the 503 response.

The websites can use the following ways to represent this error:

504 Gateway Timeout

The 504 Gateway timeout error occurs when the server does not get the response from another upstream server required to complete the request. When the webserver tries to load a page but didn’t get the response from the second server for the required information, then the webserver uses 504 as a response code.

505 HTTP version is not supported

The 505 HTTP version is not supported response code is sent if the server does not support the HTTP version specified in the request.

507 Insufficient space

507 Insufficient space is an HTTP response status code introduced by the WebDAV specification. It is used to inform the client that the request could not proceed as no space is available on a disk.

510 Extensions are missing

When the client sends a request, then it also sends the extension, which is to be used. If the server does not support the extension specified in the request, then the server sends the 510 as a response code.